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"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek pamberian bubuk susu kedelai2x30 gramlbari, selama 8 minggu terhadap kadarkolesterol LDL dan HDL serum pada wanitaparimenopauseBertempat di Klinik Seruni Departemen Ilmu Gizi Fakultas KedokteranUniversitas lndnesia, jalan Salemba Raya no.6, JakartaPenelitian dengan rancangan one group pre-post tes yangtelah disetujui Komite Etik FKUI. Subyek mendapatsuplementasi susu bubuk kedelai 2x30 g/hari selama 8minggu. Pada awal (minggu 0); pertengahan (minggu IV);dan akhir penelitian ( awal minggu IX) dilakukanpemeriksaan kadar kolesterol LDL dan HDL. Data isilpanzat gizi dilukukan sebelum dan selama penelitianberlangsung, dengan menggnnakan food recall l x24 jam.Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji t berpasangan jikadata berdistnbusi normal dan Wilcoxon, jika databerdistribusi tidak normal. Tingkat kemaknaan yangdigunakan p<0,05.Sebanyak 19 subyek penelitian yang dapat mengikutipenelitian sampai selesai. Setelah delapan mingguperlakuan, didapatkan adanya penurunan yang bermakna(p<0,05) pada kadar kole-ol LDL, yaitu sebesar8,59±17,31% di minggu IV dan 7,81±11,32% di minggu IX.Kadar kolesterol HDL menurun pada minggu IV dan IX,namun tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Rasio kolesterol LDLterhadap HDL, men= secilla bermakna (p<0,05) diminggu IV, yaitu sebesar 7,03±16,82%, sedangkan diminggu IX terjadi penurunan, namun tidak bermakna(p>0,05), sebesar 4,04±12,25%.Pemberian bubuk susu kedelai 2x30 g/hari selama delapanminggu, dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL sertarasio LDLIHDL secara bermakna.

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AbstractThis research aim to investigate the effects of2x30 lifd soy milk flour, for eight. weeks on serumo cholesterol LDL andHDL levels inhypercholesterolemic perimenopausal womenLocated at Seruni Clinic, Depar1ment of Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IndonesiaThe study was a one group pre-post test design, which wasapproved by The Ethical Clearance Research Committee ofFaculty of Medicine University of Indonesia. The subjectsreceived 2x30 g/d soy milk powder for eight weeks. Serum LDLand HDL cholesterol levels were determined at the heghming(week 0), the middle (week4), and the end of the stndy(earlyweek 9). Dietery intakes were assessed using lx24 hours foodrecall. Statistical analysis was performed using dependent t tesfor normal distribution and Wilcoxon for not normal distributiondata. The level of significancy was 5% (p<0,05)There were 19 subjects who completed the study. After eightweeks intervention, there was 8.59±17.31% significant decreasedin LDL cholesterol levels at the 4th week of the study and7.81±1 1.32% at the s"' week of the study (p<0,05).HDLcholesterol levels decreased at the 4\h and 8" weeks, but notsignificant(p>0,05). The ratio ofLDL to HDL was 7,03±16,82o/o,which was significant decreased at the 4" week (p<0,05), while atthe 9th week the decrement was not significant (4.04±12.25%),p> 0.05.Consuming soy milk powder 2 x 30 g/dduring eight weeks, canreduce the LDL cholesterol level and LDLIIIDL ratiosignificantly."

"Rendahnya kadar kolesterol HDL dalam darah dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit seperti Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK), hypetensi dan stroke. Beberapa penyebab rendahnya kadar kolesterol HDL diantaranya adalah kebiasaan merokok, kurang aktivitas, obese dan konsumsi kurang serat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kolesterol HDL, diantaranya adalah kebiasaan merokok, jenis kelamin, obesitas, aktifitas dan konsumsi serat. Tujuan lainnya juga ingin mengetahui variabel yang dominan mempengaruhi kadar kolesterol HDL. Desain yang digunakan adalah crossectional dimana seluruh variabel diukur dalam bersamaan dan dalam waktu yang bersamaan pula. Populasinya adalah seluruh keluarga yang ada di Indonesia. Adapun tenknik pengambilan sampel diambil secara multi stage sampling dengan penentuan besar sampelnya dilakukan dengan cara Probabelity Prorsional Size (PPS) dan pengambilan sampel akhir dilakukan secara simple random sampling (SRS). Data yang dikumpulkan berdasarkan laporan data sekunder yang ada di IFLS tahun 2007/2008 lalu data diolah dengan cara mergering dan transforming berdasarkan tujuan hasil akhir analisis yang diinginkan. Analisa data menggunakan desain compleks sampling dengan analisis Logstik regression yang tujuan melihat variabel yang berhubungan dengan kadar kolesterol HDL melalui pengontrolan variabel saat analisis.Hasil dari analisis diperoleh nilai OR yang paling tinggi atau dominan adalah jenis kelamin yaitu sebesar 2,640 pada 95 % CI (2,255 - 3,092) kemudian disusul oleh kebiasaan merokok berat 2,549 pada 95 % CI (1,613 - 4,028), kebiasaan merokok sedang 1,679 pada 95% CI (1,348 - 2,091), obesitas 1,543 pada 95% CI (1,345 - 1,771) , konsumsi serat 1,253 pada 95% CI (1,109 - 1,417), aktifitas 1,193 pada 95% CI (1,056 - 1,348). Semua variabel yang masuk dalam model menunjukkan nilai p < 0,05 yang artinya baik kebiasaan merokok(ringan, sedang dan berat), jenis kelamin, obesitas, aktifitas dan diet serat memiliki hubungan dengan kadar kolesterol HDL. Dari hasil tersebut juga menunjukkan adanya proporsi kasus yang tinggi pada orang yang memiliki kebiasaan merokok, jenis kelamin laki-laki, obese, aktifitas kurang dan konsumsi serat kurang. Diantara variabel di atas yang paling dominan pengaruhnya adalah jenis kelamin. Beberapa hal yang direkomendasikan pada pihak terkait tinggi kasus kadar kolesterol HDL dan beberapa variabel yang mempengaruhinya diataranya pada pembuat kebijakan agar senantiasa melakukan upaya-upaya mencegah kadar kolesterol tidak normal melalui pelarangan merokok, melakukan olah raga mengatur diet lemak dan diet serat sehingga demikian dapat terhindar dari resiko terjadinya serangan jantung akibat banyak mengandung kolesterol tinggi.

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Low level cholesterol HDL could lead to variety of diseases such as Coronary Heart Desease (CHD), hypertension and stroke.This study aimed to identify factors associated with HDL cholesterol, such as smoking habit, sex, obesity, activity and fiber consumtion. Another aim would also like to know is the dominant variable affecting HDL cholesterol. The study desain use is crossectinal where all the variables measured in the same time and at the same time too. The population is entire family in Indonesia. the sampling technique ins multi-stage sampling done by Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) and the final sampling done by Simple Random Sampling (SRS). Data collected based on existing secondary data report on the IFLS the year 2007/2008 and processed by transforming based on objective analysis. Analysis of data using complex sampling desain with logistic regression analysis with the aim of seeing the variables associated with HDL cholesterol level by controlling variables during analysis.Results obtained from analysis of the highest OR value or dominat is gender that is equal to 2,640 at 95%(2,255 - 3,092) and was followed by heavy smoking 2,549 at 95% CI (1,613 - 4,028), moderat smoking 1,679 at 95% CI (1,348 - 2,091), obesity 1,543 at 95% CI. (1,345 - 1,771), fiber consumtion 1,253 at 95 % CI (1,109 - 1,417), activities of 1,193 at 95% CI (1,056 - 1,348). All variables included in the model shows p value < 0,05, wich mean both smoking habit (mild,moderate and severe), sex, obesity, activity and dietary fiber has a relationship with HDL cholesterol. From these results also showed a high proportion of cases in people who have the habit of smoking, male gender, the obese, less activity and less dietary fiber. Among the variables at the top of the most dominant influence is gender. Some of the things recommended in the case of hight HDL cholesterol level to policy makers is to continue to make efforts to prevent abnormal cholesterol level through a ban on smoking, exercise and dietary fat regulate dietary fiber that can thus avoid the risk of heart attack because many contain high cholesterol."

"[ABSTRAKDurian merupakan buah tropis yang umum ditemukan di Asia Tenggara. Durian berasal dari keluarga Malvaceae dan genus Durio. High-density lipoprotein atau HDL adalah zat yang tidak larut dalam air dan memiliki fungsi untuk membawa kolesterol ester dan kolesterol dari jaringan kembali ke hati. Diyakini bahwa konsumsi durian berlebihan dapat menyebabkan status kesehatan yang buruk karena dapat meningkatkan tingkat kolesterol. Dalam penelitian ini, kami ingin mencoba untuk mengetahui apakah rumor ini benar atau tidak. Kami melakukan penelitian dengan rancangan penelitian eksperimental.Kami menggunakan tikus, dikelompokkan, dan kami memberi durian dalam periode tertentu. Pada setiap akhir periode, kami mengorbankan tikus dan mengambil darah untuk pemeriksaan. Kami menggunakan kit untuk mengukur tingkat HDL dan membandingkannya dengan kelompok kontrol yang tidak mengkonsumsi durian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi HDL lebih rendah pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol di ketiga perbandingan. Namun, nilai p ditemukan tidak signifikan. Bentuk penelitian lain telah menemukan bahwa durian mengandung fenol dan flavonoid yang memiliki sifat antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat mengurangi risiko memiliki penyakit kardiovaskular dengan mencegah proses oksidasi LDL khusus oleh radikal bebas, spesies oksigen reaktif, dan spesies nitrogen reaktif. Rendahnya tingkat HDL adalah faktor risiko untuk aterosklerosis. Tapi, kita harus melihat dari pendekatan yang komprehensif mengenai konsumsi durian. Kita harus mengeksplorasi parameter lain seperti kolesterol total, LDL, dan trigliserida. Tingkat kolesterol total dalam penelitian ini mengalami penurunan. Jadi, kita tidak bisa menilaibahwa durian adalah buruk bagi kesehatan. Penyelidikan lebih lanjut mengenai profil lipid dan risiko memiliki penyakit kardiovaskular perlu dilakukan.

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ABSTRACTDurian is a tropical fruit commonly found in South East Asia. It comes from the family of Malvaceae and the genus of Durio. High-density lipoprotein or HDL is a substance that is insoluble in water and has the function to carry cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the tissues back into the liver. It is believed that durian consumption moreover if excessive can lead to bad health status due tot he increase of cholesterol level. In this research, we want to try to learn if this rumor is true or not. We done the research with experimental research design. We used rats, grouped them, and we give them durian in a certain period of time. In the end of each period, we sacrificed the rats and took their blood for examination. We use a kit to measured the HDL level and compare it to a control group who does not consume durian. The results showed lower HDL concentration in the intervention group compare to the control group in all three comparison. However, the p value is not significant for two comparisons. Form other studies, we had found that durian contains phenols and flavonoids which has antioxidant properties. Antioxidant can reduce the risk of having cardiovascular diseases by preventing the oxidation process specifically LDL by the free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species. Low level of HDL is risk factors for atherosclerosis. But, we have to look from comprehensive approach regarding this durian consumption. We have to explore other parameters such as the total cholesterol, LDL, and Triglycerides. The total cholesterol level in this research is decreasing. So, we cannot judge that durian is bad for the health. Further investigations regarding the lipid profile and the risk of having cardiovascular disease is need to be done.;Durian is a tropical fruit commonly found in South East Asia. It comes from the family of Malvaceae and the genus of Durio. High-density lipoprotein or HDL is a substance that is insoluble in water and has the function to carry cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the tissues back into the liver. It is believed that durian consumption moreover if excessive can lead to bad health status due tot he increase of cholesterol level. In this research, we want to try to learn if this rumor is true or not. We done the research with experimental research design. We used rats, grouped them, and we give them durian in a certain period of time. In the end of each period, we sacrificed the rats and took their blood for examination. We use a kit to measured the HDL level and compare it to a control group who does not consume durian. The results showed lower HDL concentration in the intervention group compare to the control group in all three comparison. However, the p value is not significant for two comparisons. Form other studies, we had found that durian contains phenols and flavonoids which has antioxidant properties. Antioxidant can reduce the risk of having cardiovascular diseases by preventing the oxidation process specifically LDL by the free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species. Low level of HDL is risk factors for atherosclerosis. But, we have to look from comprehensive approach regarding this durian consumption. We have to explore other parameters such as the total cholesterol, LDL, and Triglycerides. The total cholesterol level in this research is decreasing. So, we cannot judge that durian is bad for the health. Further investigations regarding the lipid profile and the risk of having cardiovascular disease is need to be done.;Durian is a tropical fruit commonly found in South East Asia. It comes from the family of Malvaceae and the genus of Durio. High-density lipoprotein or HDL is a substance that is insoluble in water and has the function to carry cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the tissues back into the liver. It is believed that durian consumption moreover if excessive can lead to bad health status due tot he increase of cholesterol level. In this research, we want to try to learn if this rumor is true or not. We done the research with experimental research design. We used rats, grouped them, and we give them durian in a certain period of time. In the end of each period, we sacrificed the rats and took their blood for examination. We use a kit to measured the HDL level and compare it to a control group who does not consume durian. The results showed lower HDL concentration in the intervention group compare to the control group in all three comparison. However, the p value is not significant for two comparisons. Form other studies, we had found that durian contains phenols and flavonoids which has antioxidant properties. Antioxidant can reduce the risk of having cardiovascular diseases by preventing the oxidation process specifically LDL by the free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species. Low level of HDL is risk factors for atherosclerosis. But, we have to look from comprehensive approach regarding this durianconsumption. We have to explore other parameters such as the total cholesterol, LDL, and Triglycerides. The total cholesterol level in this research is decreasing. So, we cannot judge that durian is bad for the health. Further investigations regarding the lipid profile and the risk of having cardiovascular disease is need to be done., Durian is a tropical fruit commonly found in South East Asia. It comes from the family of Malvaceae and the genus of Durio. High-density lipoprotein or HDL is a substance that is insoluble in water and has the function to carry cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the tissues back into the liver. It is believed that durian consumption moreover if excessive can lead to bad health status due tot he increase of cholesterol level. In this research, we want to try to learn if this rumor is true or not. We done the research with experimental research design. We used rats, grouped them, and we give them durian in a certain period of time. In the end of each period, we sacrificed the rats and took their blood for examination. We use a kit to measured the HDL level and compare it to a control group who does not consume durian. The results showed lower HDL concentration in the intervention group compare to the control group in all three comparison. However, the p value is not significant for two comparisons. Form other studies, we had found that durian contains phenols and flavonoids which has antioxidant properties. Antioxidant can reduce the risk of having cardiovascular diseases by preventing the oxidation process specifically LDL by the free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species. Low level of HDL is risk factors for atherosclerosis. But, we have to look from comprehensive approach regarding this durianconsumption. We have to explore other parameters such as the total cholesterol, LDL, and Triglycerides. The total cholesterol level in this research is decreasing. So, we cannot judge that durian is bad for the health. Further investigations regarding the lipid profile and the risk of having cardiovascular disease is need to be done.]"

"Stroke ialah salah satu penyebab kematian dan kecacatan neurologis utama di Indonesia. Stroke merupakan penyakit serebrovaskular yang setiap tahun meningkat jumlahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio Low Density Lipoprotein LDL terhadap High Density Lipoprotein HDL dengan kejadian stroke pada penduduk usia dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari studi kohort PTM penyakit tidak menular tahun 2011. Sampel dalam penelitian ini ialah penduduk usia dewasa yang menjadi responden penelitian studi kohort faktor risiko PTM di kota Bogor tahun 2011 yang berjumlah 1506 dan dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi logistik dengan signifikansi statistik di lihat berdasarkan interval kepercayaan 95. Prevalensi sampel pada penduduk usia dewasa di kota Bogor yang menderita stroke sebesar 1,26, responden dengan rasio LDL terhadap HDL yang tinggi sebesar 35,66. Responden dengan usia 46 tahun sebesar 34,26 dengan prevalensi jenis kelamin terbanyak pada perempuan sebesar 53,45 dan yang berpendidikan rendah sebesar 54,58, responden yang obesitas sebesar 27,42, responden dengan kadar kolesterol total tinggi sebesar 38,45 serta responden dengan kadar trigliserida tinggi sebesar 17,07. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara rasio LDL terhadap HDL dengan kejadian stroke dengan adjusted prevalens odds rasio 3,909 95 CI 1,346-11,354. Rasio LDL terhadap HDL yang tinggi berisiko terhadap kejadian stroke pada penduduk usia dewasa.

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Stroke is one of the main causes of death and neurological disability in Indonesia. Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease which increases in number every year. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of Low Density Lipoprotein LDL to High Density Lipoprotein HDL with the incidence of stroke in the adult population. This study used data from the PTM (non-communicable disease) cohort study risk factor in 2011. The sample in this study was adult population 25-65 years who were respondents to the PTM cohort study in Bogor in 2011 which numbered 1506 and analyzed using regression tests logistics with statistical significance are seen based on 95 confidence intervals. Sample prevalence in adult population in the city of Bogor who suffered a stroke of 1.26, respondents with a high ratio of LDL to HDL were 35.66. Respondents with a age of sebesar46 years were 34.26 with the highest prevalence of sex in women amounting to 53.45 and those with low education were 54.58, respondents who were obese were 27.42, respondents with high total cholesterol levels were 38, 45 and respondents with high triglyceride levels of 17.07. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the ratio of LDL to HDL and the incidence of stroke with an adjusted prevalence odds ratio of 3.909 95 CI 1.346-11.354. The high ratio of LDL to HDL is at risk for the incidence of stroke in the adult population."

"LATAR BELAKANG : Stroke iskemik merupakan manifestasi aterosklerosis yang prosesnya dimulai jauh sebelum terjadinya serangan stroke. Bila seseorang mempunyai faktor risiko seperti hipertensi, diabetes melitus, hiperlipidemia, dan lain-lain, proses patologis yang sedang berjalan akan dipercepat sesuai jumlah faktor risiko .Sindroma metabolik bila ditemukan tiga atau lebih komponen hipertensi, obesitas sentral, hipertrigliserida, HDL kolesterol yang rendah, dan gula darah puasa yang tinggi. Dengan mendapatkan sindroma metabolik pada anak dari penderita stroke iskemik dapat dilakukan pencegahan primer.TUJUAN : Melihat gambaran sindroma metabolik pada anak dari penderita stroke iskemik dan sebaran komponennyaMETODOLOGI : Penelitian deskriptif analitik pada 87 orang anak dari penderita stroke iskemik, berusia antara 20 - 50 tahun. Dilakukan pemeriksaan tekanan darah, lingkar pinggang, kadar trigliserida , HDL kolesterol dan gula darah puasa.HASIL : 31% anak dari penderita stroke iskemik menderita sindroma metabolic. Laki-laki lebih sering dibanding perempuan. Komponen sindroma metabolik yang sering ditemui adalah HDL kolesterol yang rendah, hipertrigliserida dan obesitas sentral. Bila yang menderita stroke iskemik ayah maka lebih sering sindroma metabolik ditemukan pada anak dengan usia lebih muda. Jika ibu yang menderita stroke iskemik, kemungkinan anak menderita sindroma metabolik lebih sering pada anak laki-Iaki dengan usia lebih tua. Etnis sunda kejadian sindroma metabolik lebih rendah dibanding etnis lainnya.KESIMPULAN : Anak dari penderita stroke iskemik merupakan populasi utama untuk terjadinya aterosklerosis yang merupakan keadaan vaskuler beresiko menjadi stroke iskemik dimasa mendatang. Sindroma metabolik dengan komponen HDL kolesterol rendah, hipertrigliserida, dan obesitas sentral ditemukan lebih sering pada anak laki-laki dari penderita stroke iskemik, dan lebih jarang pada etnis sunda.

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Background ; ischemic stroke is a manifestation of arteriosclerosis which have a long-term and gradual process before manifested. If a person has risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, pathologic process would be accelerated according to the number of risk factors he has. Nowadays, the term of metabolic syndrome is introduced in a person who has three or more of these components: hypertension, central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, tow HDL cholesterol and high level of fasting blood glucose. In finding metabolic syndrome in the ischemic stroke patients' descendant, primary prevention can be done.

Objectives ;The objective of this study is knowing the pattern of metabolic syndrome and it's component in ischemic stroke patients' descendants

Methods ;We performed descriptive and analytic study in 87 subjects of 20-50 years-old by examined blood pressure, waist diameters, triglyceride level, HDL-cholesterol level and fasting blood glucose level.

Results ;We found 31% of subjects who have metabolic syndrome which was more frequent in man. Among metabolic syndrome components, low level of HDL-cholesterol is the most frequent, followed by hypertriglyceridemia, and central obesity. Metabolic syndrome is more frequent in young age if the father had ischemic stroke while in older age if the mother who had ischemic stroke in Sundanese, metabolic syndrome is less frequent.

Conclusions ;The descendants of ischemic stroke patients is main target population of arteriosclerosis which is have high risk to have ischemic stroke in the future. Metabolic syndrome with low level of HDL-cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, and central obesity found more frequent in men and less frequent in Sundanese."

"Endurance exercise merupakan aktifitas fisik aerobic yang dapat meningkatkan denyut jantung dan pernafasan bila dilakukan dalam waktu yang direkomendasikan pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus. Ketidaktahuan perawat tentang bentuk, intensitas, durasi, dan frekuensi latihan fisik yang diperbolehkan pada pasien tersebut akan menyebabkan tidak terlaksananya manajemen asuhan keperawatan yang baik dan benar pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristlk, nilai HDL darah, nilai HDL darah sebelum dan sesudah endurance execise, nilai HDL darah antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi sesudah endurance exercise serta variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap nilai HDL sesudah endurance exercise.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperirnen dengan pendekatan the untreated control group design with pretest and positest. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 388 orang. Sampel penelitian adalah 47 responden (23 responden pada kelompok kontrol dan 24 responden kelompok intervensi) dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan nilai HDL darah sebelum dan sesudah endurance exercise (p=0.000), adanya perbedaan signifikan nilai HDL darah sesudah endurance exercise antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi (p=0.042), serta keteraturan kontrol merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap nilai HDL darah sesudah endurance exercise (Beta=0.370).Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah endurance exercise dapat meningkatkan nilai HDL darah pasien Diabetes Mellitus. Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan endurance exercise dapat menjadi salah satu intervensi dalam asuhan keperawatan pasien Diabetes Mellitus."

"Daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill) telah diteliti mengandung quersetin sebagai antioksidan yang dapat menghambat teroksidasinya LDL dalam pembuluh darah serta mengandung sterol yang dapat menghambat absorbsi lemak dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill) terhadap kadar kolesterol total, HDL, LDL dan trigliserida pada tikus putih jantan yang diperlakuan dengan diit tinggi kolesterol dan lemak. Diit tinggi kolesterol dan lemak diberikan dengan komposisi kuning telur 80 % , sukrosa 15 % sebesar 65 % dan lemak hewan 5 %. Ekstrak etanol daun alpukat diberikan secara oral pada 30 ekor tikus jantan galur Sprague dawley dengan berat badan 150-200 gram yang dibagi ke dalam enam kelompok. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol normal hanya diberikan CMC 0,5%. Kelompok II sebagai kontrol perlakuan diperlakuan dengan diit tinggi kolesterol dan lemak. kelompok III, IV, dan V masing-masing sebagai kelompok uji diberi ekstrak daun alpukat dengan dosis sebesar 10 mg/kg bb tikus , 20 mg/kg bb tikus, dan 40 mg/kg bb tikus serta diit tinggi kolesterol dan lemak. Kelompok VI sebagai kontrol pembanding diberi simvastatin dengan dosis sebesar 9mg/kg bb tikus dan diit tinggi kolesterol dan lemak. Setelah 56 hari pemberian, pemeriksaan dilakukan terhadap kadar kolesterol total, HDL, LDL dan trigliserida. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun alpukat dengan dosis 40 mg/kg bb tikus dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, LDL dan trigliserida serta meningkatkan kadar HDL lebih baik dari dosis 10 mg/kg bb dan dosis 20 mg/kg bb jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol hiperlipidemia.

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Avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill) have been studied contain quercetin as an antioxidant that can inhibit oxidation of LDL in the blood vessels and contain sterols which can inhibit absorption of fats in the body. The aim of this studied was to know the effect of ethanol extract of avocado leaves on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides in white male rats induced by high cholesterol and fat diet. Diet high cholesterol and fat are given by the composition of 80 % yolk, 65% sucrose15% and 5% animal fat. Ethanol extract of avocado leaves was given orally to 30 male rats of Sprague dawley strain with body weight 150-200 gram were divided into 6 groups. Group I is a normal control group given 0.5% CMC. Group II as a positive control was induced by high cholesterol and fat, group III, IV, and V were each given a dose of 10 mg / kg body weight , 20 mg / kg body weight , and 40 mg / kg body weight and high cholesterol and fat. Group VI as a comparison control group were given simvastatin at a dose of 9mg/kg body weight rats and high cholesterol and fat diet. After 56 days, examination carried out on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides. Results findings showed that ethanol extract of avocado leaves with dose 40 mg/kg bb can lower total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides and increase levels of HDL better than dose 10 mg/kg bb and dose 20 mg/kg bb when compared to hyperlipidemic controls."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan determinandeterminan terkait profil lipid darah berdasarkan data Riskesdas tahun 2013 pada kelompok umur 18-59 tahun. Desain penelitian Cross Sectional dengan sampel 21.055 orang. Data dianalisis dengan analisis multivariat Regresi Logistik Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, obesitas sentral, merokok, dan aktivitas fisik berhubungan dengan kadar kolesterol total. Jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, merokok, aktivitas fisik, pola konsumsi makanan berlemak/berkolesterol/gorengan, dan konsumsi kopi berhubungan dengan kadar kolesterol HDL. Umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, obesitas sentral, merokok, dan aktivitas fisik berhubungan dengan kadar kolesterol LDL. Umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, obesitas sentral, merokok, stres, dan pola konsumsi kopi berhubungan dengan kadar trigliserida. Umur menjadi determinan utama pada kadar kolesterol total, kadar kolesterol LDL, dan kadar trigliserida. Sedangkan determinan utama pada kadar kolesterol HDL adalah obesitas sentral. Disarankan kepada masyarakat usia 18-59 tahun untuk menjaga gizi seimbang, meningkatkan aktivitas fisik, dan berhenti merokok untuk menjaga agar terhindar dari obesitas sentral yang berdampak kepada profil lipid darah tidak normal.

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This study was conducted to determine the association between determinants of blood lipid profiles based on Riskesdas? data in 2013. This study used the cross sectional design methodology and 21.055 samples. Data analyzed by multivariate analysis Multiple Logistic Regression. The result of the statistical analysis is concluded that there is significant association of age, sex, marital status, central obesity, smoking, and physical activity with total cholesterol levels. And there are association of sex, marital status, smoking, physical activity, consumption of fatty foods, and coffee consumption with HDL cholesterol. And determinants of age, sex, marital status, central obesity, smoking, and physical activity associated with LDL cholesterol. And determinants of age, sex, marital status, central obesity, smoking, stress, and coffee consumption associated with triglyceride levels. Age becomes a major determinant on total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. While, the main determinant in HDL cholesterol levels is central obesity. This research suggested to people 18-59 years old to maintain balanced nutrition, increase physical activity, and stop smoking which can avoid from central obesity that can abnormal blood lipid profile."

"ABSTRAKHiperkolesterolemia adalah salah satu faktor risiko mayor yang dapat memicu berkembangnya penyakit kardiovaskular, khususnya penyakit jantung koroner. Salah satu obat tradisional yang digunakan untuk hiperkolesterolemia adalah kombinasi herba seledri (Apium graveolens) dan bawang putih (Allium sativum).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran efek ekstrak terhadap profil lipid pada subjek hiperkolesterolemia. Subjek terdiri atas pasien klinik pengobatan tradisional di Jakarta. Masing-masing subjek mendapatkan tablet terapi yang berisi ektrak dan tabel placebo sesuai kelompok. Pada subjek diperiksa profil lipid, yaitu kadar kolesterol total darah, HDL, LDL, dan trigliserida. Dilakukan paired t-test dua ekor untuk menguji perbedaan antara profil lipid dari kelompok terapi dan kelompok placebo. Subjek sejumlah 44 orang. Perubahan profil lipid pada antara kelompok terapi dan kelompok placebo untuk kadar kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, dan trigliserida adalah 14,82±6,946, 1,45±2,945, 6,98±8,105, 2,48±6,504 mg/dL. Campuran ektrak berefek menurunkan kolesterol darah dan kadar LDL secara bermakna (P<0,05).

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ABSTRACT

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors that can trigger the development of cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease. One of the traditional drugs used for hypercholesterolemia is a combination of herbs celery (Apium graveolens) and garlic (Allium sativum).

This study aims to describe the effects of the extract on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Subjects consisted of patients with traditional medicine clinic in Jakarta. Each subject received treatment tablets containing extract and placebo table corresponding groups. On the subject examined lipid profile, ie blood levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. Do paired two-tailed t-test to test the difference between lipid profile of the therapy group and the placebo group. The subject of a number of 44 people. Changes in the lipid profile between the treatment groups and the placebo group for total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides was 14,82 ± 6,946;1.45 ± 2,945;6,98 ± 8,105;2,48 ± 6,504 mg/dL. A mixture of extracts affect blood cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly (P <0.05)."