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"The research on the implementation of agreement in e-commerce in Malang viewed from the legal perspective on agreement according to the civil code is a juridical normative research

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"The creditors are considered as unsecured creditors if they are relying only to article 1131 and 1132 of the Civil Code. In order to become a secured creditor, a security agreement must be made. Many financial institutions are now prefer securing its credit by pledge of shares of customer?s enterprise. This article focuses on the legal issues regarding the validity and execution on the pledge share agreement."

"ABSTRACTSkripsi ini membahas mengenai perbandingan pengaturan tentang fidusia menurut Undang-Undang No 42 tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia dengan French Civil Code terkhusus dalam kewajiban penggunaan akta notaris dalam membebankan benda jaminan fidusia.  Permasalahan ini ditinjau dari perbandingan hukum dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dan penulisan bersifat deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari studi dokumen sebagai data utama dari penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa baik Indonesia dengan Perancis memiliki ciri khas masing-masing dan terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan dalam peraturan hukumnya. Penelitian ini juga memberikan masukan atas Pasal 5 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Jaminan Fidusia terkait kewajiban pembebanan jaminan fidusia dengan akta notaris.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the comparison of fiducia law according to Law no 42 of 1999 on fiducia with French Civil Code especially in the obligation to use notarial deed on imposing fiducia object. The data in this study were obtained from documents study as the main data of qualitative writing with normative-legal research methods and descriptive writing. The result showed that both Indonesia and French have their own distinctive characteristic on their regulations and there are similarities and differences in each regulations. This research also give input on Article 5 paragraph (1) on Indonesian Fiducia Law regarding the obligation of Fiducia Imposition with Notarial Deed."

"Hukum waris yang berlaku bagi Warga Negara Indonesia keturunan Tionghoa adalah Hukum waris KUHPerdata. Hukum waris ini menjamin bagian mutlak anak sah apabila hak mewarisnya dikesampingkan oleh surat wasiat. Walaupun hukum waris ini telah sering dibahas dalam berbagai jurnal penelitian, namun masih banyak persoalan dalam hukum ini yang menarik untuk dibahas lebih lanjut. Salah satunya adalah Keputusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia No.03/PK/Pdt/2006. Keputusan ini berisi penolakan terhadap tuntutan dari anak angkat pewaris atas pelaksanaan Surat wasiat tekait bagian mutlaknya (Legitime Portie). Padahal, dalam pengaturan pengangkatan anak, berdasarkan staatsbald 1917 : 129, jis 1919-81, 1924-557, 1925-92 tentang pengangkatan anak, tertulis bahwa kedudukan anak angkat sama dengan anak sah.

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Inheritance laws that apply to Chinese Citizens of Indonesia is the civil code. Inheritance law ensures the absolute right of a legitimate child if his inheritance right was ruled out by the testament. Although the law of inheritance has been frequently discussed in various research journals, but there are still many problems in this law that interesting to discuss further. One of them is the Republic of Indonesia Supreme Court Verdict No.03/PK/Pdt/2006. This verdict contains a rejection of the demands of the adopted child the heir of the absolute. In fact, in the regulation of adoption, based on staatsbald 1917: 129, jis 1919-81, 1924-557, 1925-92 about the adoption, it said that the position adopted with a legitimate child is same."

"As one of Asian countries, Indonesia has varied of cultures and religions. This variety affects positive laws in Indonesia, one of them is inheritance law. Indonesia has three inheritance legal systems, that is, adat inheritance law, Islamic inheritance law, and western inheritance law. Adat inheritance law is a norm of local adat community about inheritance. Islamic inheritance law is a norm of inheritance based on al Qur?an (Islamic holy book) and hadis (words, acts, and silence of Prophet Muhammad PBUH). In Indonesia, there are three schools of Islamic inheritance law, that is, Syafi?i?s (patrilineal) system of inheritance law (Imam Syafi?i is the most influenced school for Indonesian people), Hazairin?s (bilateral) system of inheritance law (Hazairin was Profesor at University of Indonesia had different view from Imam Syafi?i), and Compilation of Islamic Law system of inheritance law (Compilation of Islamic Law is Islamic law written by Indonesian ulama and Islamic experts). The last, western inheritance law is a norm of heritage based on Burgerlijk Wetboek as legal product of Dutch government when occupied Indonesia. All three inheritance legal systems are available for Indonesian people. We are able to know the availability of these systems is from legal cases in the courts, civil court and religious court. On the paper will be explained comparison of three systems of inheritance law, legal subject using the system (personality principle), and implementation of the system in the courts."

"ABSTRAKPertanggungjawaban atas perbuatan melawan hukum tidak hanya dapat dilakukan oleh pelaku, namun juga dapat dilakukan oleh orang lain. Tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan perlindungan lebih bagi korban perbuatan melawan hukum, karena tak jarang pelaku perbuatan melawan hukum tidak dapat bertanggung jawab. Hal tersebut sebagaimana perkara yang terjadi antara Haloman Silalahi (Penggugat) melawan Tumbur Yopieter Siregar (Tergugat I) dan Guntur Siregar (Tergugat II). Dimana dalam kasus ini Tergugat II selaku orang tua sekaligus majikan dari Tergugat I dikenakan pertanggungjawaban atas perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Tergugat I berdasarkan Pasal 1367 ayat (2) dan (3) KUHPerdata. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan asas vicarious liability yang dilakukan oleh anak dan bawahan sebagaimana hukum yang berlaku dan doktrin-doktrin yang diakui. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis-normatif, yaitu dilakukan dengan menelaah norma-norma hukum tertulis. Dari penelitian ini terlihat bahwa tanggung-gugat orang tua dan majikan terpenuhi oleh Tergugat II. Namun kedua jenis tanggung-gugat ini selanjutnya akan dibandingkan dengan menggunakan ketentuan-ketentuan yang berlaku dan juga doktrin-doktrin yang diakui.

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ABSTRAKThe case law which is used in this thesis, shows of how PT. Blue Bird could be held liable even though it was hard to prove so in the first place. Hence, in order to prove its liability, both parties’ obligations and rights based on Transportation Law have to be considered. Liability for tort not only can be imposed by the offender but also can be imposed by others. The purpose is to give more protection to the victims of tort, because often the tort offender could not be able to responsible. For instance, in the case that occured between Halomoan Silalahi (Plaintiff) against Tumbur Yopieter (Defendant I) and Guntur Siregar (Defendant II). In this case, the Defendant II acted as a parent and as an employer of Defendant I who was imposed liability for tort committed by Defendant I in accordance with Article 1367 (2) and (3) of Indonesia Civil Code. This research purposes to discuss the application of vicarious liability principle of tort committed by children and employee as the aplicable law and recognized donctrines. The method used in this research is normative juridicial method, which is conducted by examining the legal norms.This research shows the liability of parents and employers are fulfilled by Deffendant II. However, these two types of liability will be compared using the applicable law and the recognized doctrines."

"The purpose of development rs to reach justice and prospenty in all aspects of lite by establishing amongst others small and medium companies both private and state companies. Therefore, certainty of law and adequate protection are needed to support their activities and consequently law must be obeyed by all stakeholders.Establishing a company needs capital for all its business activities. The opportunity to get capital for small and medium companies differ from/that of big companies. Since, the bigger ones have many sources to obtain capital, the smaller ones have not many options to enlarge their capital. This condition brings in balance and thus unfairness when small companies are dealing with big ones. Venture capital is one of the altematives to help small and medium companies to get proper sources of capital.The development of venture capital in indonesia is meant to open new opportunities to all business stakeholders for enlarge their companies, as they usually face many obstacles when borrow from a bank. Therefore, the existence of venture capital should be supported especially by government and business stakeholders as well as society at fast better the venture capital is growing the more small and medium companies can be helped by preserving capital for them.The system of finance order of the venture capital can be done by depositing capital into an investee company so that investment law and banking law will apply on those activities. The venture capital is based on the future prospect of the company rather than the collaterals. Consequently the venture capital has greater risk that ordinary loans, but also opens new market opportunities for the investor/lender.Administrative law has regulated the venture capital as a financing institution by enacting President's Decree No. 61/1988. However, the substantive law still uses the KUH Perdata (Civil Code). On the other hand venture capital agreements usually use standard contract which has not yet been regulated by the civil code, eventhough the regulation No. 8/1999 concern Consumers Protection has been regulated in a simple way. Therefore both our contract law as well as our corporate law need improvement.Cooperation agreement between the venture capital (venture capitalist) and the investee company is a mutual agreement, whereby the bargaining position of both the parties are not equal. The venture capitalist who has capital has a stronger position than the investee company who is the borrower whereas freedom of contract can only be applied properly when both parties have equal positions. The venture capitalist, however, tends to protect his interest (capital) by special clauses, inciuding his/her responsibilities thereby disturbing the equilibrium even further. Therefore, our laws should protect the weaker party but the govemment should also supervise and guard for such unscrupulous practices, like providing a ?black list" or "grey list" of such speciai clauses, condemning them nuii and void or voidabie (as the case may be) such as is done by the New Civil Code of the Netheriands on ?Algemene Voorwaarden"."

"Dalam konsep tanggung gugat majikan atau atasan, majikan bertanggung jawab atas kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh bawahannya. Hanya saja, belum terdapat kejelasan mengenai cara menarik pertanggungjawaban dua orang atasan terhadap kesalahan bawahannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dasar-dasar apa yang tepat digunakan menuntut pertanggungjawaban pelaku perbuatan melawan hukum (PMH) beserta para atasannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif yang objek penelitiannya adalah sebuah putusan Mahkamah Agung. Pertanggungjawaban para atasan ialah tergantung dari perannya masing-masing. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat berdasarkan profijt theorie atau apakah ia mendapatkan keuntungan dari perbuatan si pelaku PMH (bawahan), gevaarzetting theorie atau apakah ia meminta bantuan kepada pelaku PMH untuk mengerjakan sesuatu, atau cukup dengan adanya hubungan antara hubungan antara kesalahan dan pekerjaan bawahan walaupun tanpa adanya instruksi kerja kepada bawahan. Dalam kasus yang menjadi objek penelitian, Tergugat I bertanggung jawab selaku pelaku PMH, kemudian Tergugat II bertanggung jawab atas dasar profijt theorie serta karena adanya hubungan antara kesalahan dan pekerjaan Tergugat I, dan Edward bertanggung jawab berdasarkan gevaarzetting theorie dan karena perannya sebagai pemberi instruksi kerja.

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Within vicarious liability, an employer or superior is vicariously liable for the tort of his subordinate. Furthermore, there needs to be an assertion on what are the prominent considerations in the case of more than one superior. The purpose of this study is to identify the considerations to strive for superiors liability over the tort of their subordinate. This research was conducted through legal normative approach with an award of the Mahkamah Agung as the primary data. Superiors liability can be based on the role each of them invest in, that can be considered from profijt theorie, gevaarzetting theorie, or from the relation between the tort and the work of the subordinate even without any instruction from any superior. The result is that the primary defendant is liable for his own tort, the secondary defendant is held liable for profijt theorie and the relation between the tort and the work of the primary defendant, and another party namely Edward, may also be held liable because of gevaarzetting theorie also since his role is as the work instructor to the primary defendant."

"Di Indonesia terdapat pluralisme hukum dalam hal kewarisan. Dengan adanya pluralisme tersebut mengenai kewarisan terdapat tiga sistem hukum yang berlaku yaitu sistem hukum berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Hukum Islam dan Hukum Adat. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Hukum Islam maupun Hukum Adat mengenal adanya kewarisan melalui wasiat. Dengan adanya pluralisme hukum waris di Indonesia, dalam hal pembuatan surat wasiat, sah atau tidaknya suatu wasiat yang dibuat oleh Pewaris tergantung pada sistem hukum yang dipakai oleh Pewaris tersebut. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai pewarisan dengan wasiat yang ditinjau dari Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Hukum Islam dan Hukum Adat.Penulisan tesis ini menggunakan metode penelitian melalui studi kepustakaan yang berbentuk yuridis normatif. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata mengatur tata cara yang jelas dalam pembuatan wasiat, baik dengan akta Notaris, maupun yang dibuat dibawahtangan (yang harus disimpan di Notaris). Sedangkan dalam hukum Islam maupun hukum Adat tidak ada kewajiban untuk membuat wasiat dalam bentuk akta Notaris atau untuk yang dibuat dibawahtangan tidak ada kewajiban untuk melakukan penyimpanan di Notaris. Namun bagi masyarakat yang tunduk pada Hukum Islam maupun Hukum Adat sebaiknya dalam pembuatan wasiat menggunakan peran Notaris, karena Notaris merupakan pejabat umum yang berwenang dalam membuat akta otentik yang merupakan hal yang penting dalam pembuktian.

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In Indonesia there is legal pluralism in terms of inheritance. There were three legal system given the pluralism of the inheritance in Indonesia, that is the legal system based on the draft Civil Law (Indonesia Civil Code), Islamic Law and Adat Law. Whether the draft Civil Law, Islamic Law or Adat Law is aware of inheritance by will. With the inheritance of legal pluralism in Indonesia, in terms of making a will, the validity of a will made by Heir depends on the legal system that is used by the Heir. This paper will discuss the inheritance with the terms of the draft Civil Law, Islamic Law and Adat Law.This thesis research methods through the study of literature that shaped normative. Indonesia Civil Code set clear procedures in the manufacture of a will either by notarial deed, as well as those made unnotarized deed (which should be stored in the Notary). While Islamic law and Adat law, there is no obligation to make a will in the form of notarial deed or made unnotarized deed no obligation to perform at the Notary storage. But for the people who are subject to the Islamic Law and Adat Law in the making of a will should use a Notary real, because Notary is a public official who is authorized to make an authentic act which is essential in the proof."