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"ABSTRAKProses penuaan dapat menyebabkan penurunan fungsi kognitif. Lansia dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif mengalami peningkatan metabolisme yang dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan fungsi kognitif dengan indeks massa tubuh lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha wilayah DKI Jakarta. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan melibatkan 98 lansia yang dipilih melalui proportional dan simple random sampling. Fungsi kognitif dinilai dengan menggunakan kuesioner Mini Mental State Examination, sedangkan status gizi dinilai dengan menggunakan indeks massa tubuh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara fungsi kognitif dan indeks massa tubuh (r= 0,550; p= 0,0001; α= 0,05). Pemberi pelayanan di panti perlu memiliki keterampilan khusus untuk meningkatkan status gizi pada lansia dengan penurunan kognitif."

"Pajanan kebisingan terhadap tenaga kerja mcnycbabkan ketulian (gangguan fungsi pcndengaran). Kehilangan daya dengar yang disebabkan oleh kebisingan msrupakan gangguan kesehatan yang tidak dapat diobati. Terjadinya ketulian pada tenaga kenja di industri maka kehilangan alat komunikasi yang dapat mcnyebabkan teljadinya kesalahan pelaksanaan kerja. Industri baterai PT ABC lntercalinc Indonesia mcrupakan industri yang memiliki bagian-bagian dimana intensitas kebisingannya di atas baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pajanan kebisingan terhadap penurunan iimgsi pendengaran tenaga kerja PT. ABC. Intercalline Indonesia. Rancangan penclitian ini adalah kohor retrospektif dcngan membagi daerah terpajan dan tidak terpajan yaitu bagian yang intensitas kcbisingannya lebih dari 85 desibel dan bagian yang kurang dari 85 desibel. .Iumlah sampel pada masing-masing daerah adalah 80, sehingga total sampel 160 dari seluruh pekerja populasi 480 tenaga ke1ja. Daerah terpajan dipilih bagian Produksi, Komponen, Sinc Slug dan Alkaline dan daerah tidak terpajan dipilih bagian Mekanik dan Jaket. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya di analisis secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan Chi-Square dan multivariat menggunakan Regresi Logistik. Pada analisa bivariat ditemukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara penurunan fungsi pendengaran dengan intensitas kebisingan dan penggunaan APT. Sedangkan variabel lain yaitu masa kenja, umur dan riwayat penyakit tidak menunj ukkan adanya hubungan yang bennakna. Hasil analisa multivariat mendapatkan variabel yang berhubungan dengan penurunan fungsi pendengaran adalah intensitas pendengaran, penggunaan APT dan interaksi kcbisingan-APT. Pada kelompok yeng bekenja di tempat bising, besamya risiko mengalami penurunan fungsi pendengaran bagi yang tidak menggunakan APT sebesar 24,2 kali. Sedangkan yang selalu menggunakan APT, tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bcrmakna. Pada kelompok yang tidak menggunakan APT, bekexja di tempal bising memberikan risiko sebesar 18,92 kali untuk mengalami penurunan fungsi pendengaran. Sedangkan yang bekerja di tempat lidak bising, tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna. Dari hasil peneletian ini didapatkan bahwa penggunaan APT dapat memuunkan risio teljadinya penurunan fungsi pendcngaran. Sehingga disarankan kepada pekerja untuk selalu menggunakan APT. Kepada perusahaan, disarankan untuk mewajibkan penggunaan APT, sedangkan APT yang disarankan adalah earplug.

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Noise exposure to labour cause decrease of hearing function. Lose hearing energy which is because of noise represent the health trouble which cannot be cured. The happening of deafness at labour in industry hence loss of communication means which can cause the happening of mistake of job execution. Industrial battery of PT ABC Intercaline Indonesia represent the industry owning shares of where its noise intensity above permanent of quality which have been specified.

This research purpose is to know the influence of noise exposure to degradation of hearing function at labour PT. ABC. Interealline Indonesia. This research used a cohort retrospektif design by dividing exposure area and non-exposure area that is shares which its noise intensity more than 85 desible and shares which less than 85 desible. Sum up the sampel at each areas are 80, so that totalize the sampel 160 from all population worker 480 labour. Exposure area selected by Production unit, Component unit, Sine Slug unit and Alkaline unit and non-exposure area selected by Mechanic unit and Jacket unit. Then collected data analysed in univariat analysis, bivariate analysis use Chi-Square methode and multivariate analysis use the logistic regretion.

At bivariate analysis found noise exposure have a meaning correlation with the hearing trouble, use the APT correlation with the hearing trouble, while the other variables ; year of service, age and disease history do not show the existence of relationship with the degradation of hearing function At multivariate analysis known the most dominant factor have an effect on to the happening of hearing function degradation is noisy intensity ( 10,48 times), while use the APT with the degradation of hearing function have opportunity ( 8,08 times). To decrease the risk of hearing function degradation at labour suggested to always to use the APT. Suggested APT is earplug. "

"Lansia mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif sebagai akibat dari perubahan struktur otak dan jaringan saraf, yang dapat memengaruhi aktivitas sehari-hari mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh aktivitas mencocokkan gambar terhadap fungsi kognitif lansia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol. Total partisipan penelitian sebanyak 93 lansia yang tinggal di panti wreda di Provinsi Jakarta, dengan 46 lansia di kelompok intervensi dan 47 lansia di kelompok kontrol. Kriteria inklusi meliputi usia 60 tahun ke atas, mandiri, dapat berkomunikasi, tidak mengalami depresi, dan tidak memiliki gangguan penglihatan serta pendengaran. Intervensi yang diberikan adalah aktivitas mencocokkan gambar sebanyak 12 sesi dalam 4 minggu, yang dimulai dari bulan Mei hingga bulan Juni 2023. Variabel dependen adalah fungsi kognitif yang diukur menggunakan instrumen Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Efektivitas intervensi dianalisis menggunakan uji T dan Regresi Linier Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara rerata skor fungsi kognitif sebelum dilakukan intervensi dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi pada kelompok intervensi (p<0,001), namun tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada kelompok kontrol. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa koefisien regresi untuk variabel intervensi adalah 2,55 dengan nilai p<0,05, yang berarti pemberian intervensi dapat meningkatkan selisih rerata skor fungsi kognitif sebesar 2,55 poin. Intervensi aktivitas mencocokkan gambar terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan fungsi kognitif lansia. Oleh karena itu, pengelola PSTW dapat mempertimbangkan penambahan aktivitas pelatihan daya ingat bagi lansia.

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Older adults experience a decline in cognitive function as a result of changes in brain structure and nerve tissue, which can affect their daily activities. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of matching picture activities on the cognitive function of the older adults. The research design used is a quasi-experimental design with a control group. A total of 93 elderly participants residing in PSTW of DKI Jakarta Province were involved, with 46 elderly individuals in the intervention group and 47 elderly individuals in the control group. Inclusion criteria included being 60 years of age or older, independent, able to communicate, no depression symptom, and having no visual or hearing impairments. The intervention provided was a series of 12 matching picture sessions over 4 weeks, from May until June 2023. The dependent variable was cognitive function, measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) instrument. The effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed using t-tests and multiple linear regression. The results revealed a significant difference between the mean scores of cognitive functions in the pretest and posttest in the intervention group (p<0.001), but no significant difference was found in the control group. Multivariate analysis showed that the regression coefficient for the intervention variable was 2.55 with a p-value of <0.05, indicating that the intervention could increase the difference in mean scores of cognitive functions by 2.55 points. The matching picture intervention was proven effective in improving the cognitive function of the elderly. Therefore, the management of institutionalized care service could consider adding memory training activities for the elderly."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Gangguan fungsi kognitif dapat terjadi pada pekerja yang terpajan toluen. Gangguan fungsi kognitif tersebut terutama adalah penurunan memori, atensi dan konsentrasi, yang dapat menurunkan produktifitas kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi gangguan fungsi kognitif dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Metode Penelitian. Desain potong lintang dilakukan pada 102 orang pekerja perempuan usia 19-40 tahun dan pendidikan minimal SMA. Data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner, pemeriksaan fisik dan laboratorium serta MMSE. Kriteria inklusi adalah masa kerja ≥ 1 tahun dan bersedia menjadi responden dengan menandatangani informed consent. Kriteria eksklusi adalah hamil, menstruasi,merokok, minum alkohol, riwayat cedera kepala, hipertensi, gula darah dan dislipidemia. Faktor risiko yang diteliti antara lain umur, status perkawinan, masa kerja, lama kerja, kepatuhan pakai masker , stres kerja dan status gizi. Umur, status perkawinan,masa kerja dan lama kerja diambil dari data HRD. Status gizi didapatkan dari perhitungan Indeks Massa Tubuh. Kepatuhan pakai masker berdasarkan pengawasan kepatuhan APD. Stres kerja dinilai menggunakan kuesioner Survey Diagnostik Stress . Hasil. Walaupun kadar toluen didapat lebih kecil dari nilai ambang batas toluen , didapatkan prevalensi gangguan fungsi kognitif sebesar 52 %. Area kognitif yang menurun adalah atensi kalkulasi dan visuospasial. Faktor risiko yang secara bermakna mempengaruhi gangguan fungsi kognitif adalah masa kerja, lama kerja, kepatuhan pemakaian masker, stres kerja yang meliputi konflik peran, ketaksaan peran, beban kerja kualitatif, beban kerja kuantitatif, pengembangan karir dan tanggung jawab rekan kerja. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan konflik peran merupakan faktor risiko yang paling mempengaruhi gangguan fungsi kognitif ( OR 7,546 Interval kepercayaan 95% 1,5 ? 41,88 ) Kesimpulan. Prevalensi penurunan fungsi kognitif studi ini lebih besar dari penelitian sebelumnya dan teori. Aspek kognitif yang menurun didominasi oleh atensi kalkulasi dan visuospasial. Konflik peran merupakan faktor risiko yang paling mempengaruhi gangguan fungsi kognitif.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Cognitive Function Impairment can happen among workers expose by Toluene. This impairment mainly effect in attention, concentration and memory function, and can decrease working productivity. This study aims to calculate the prevalence of Cognitive Function impairment and related risk factors Method. Cross sectional design study was conducted on 102 female workers, age 19-40 years old and graduated from senior high school. Age and education were obtained from secondary data, and followed by interviews, physical and laboratory examination and Mini Mental States Examination. The inclusion criteria were age ≥ 1 year of work and willing to be the subject of research. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, menstruation, smoker, Alcohol consumption, history of head injury, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and Dyslipidemia. Risk factor included in this study were age, marital status, duration of work,time of work, PPE obedience ,work stress and nutritional status. Age, Marital status, Duration and Time of work were from secondary data of HRD department. Nutritional status was obtained from body mass index calculation. face mask obedience was obtained from data of wearing mask compliance. Work stress was assessed using Survey Diagnostic Stress Questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of Cognitive Function Impairment was 52 % , mainly at Attention ? Calculation and Visuospasial Aspect respectively. Significant risk factors ( p value < 0,05 ) in this study were duration of work and time of work, PPE obedience and all of work stress domain. The Result of multivariate analysis show that conflict of role was the most influence factor ( OR 7,546 C.I 95% 1,5 ? 41,88 ) Conclusion. This study found that the prevalence of cognitive function impairment was higher than theory and other similar studies . Cognitive aspects mainly affected were attention ? calculation and visuospatial. Conflict of role was the most inluence risk factor relating with cognitive function impairment;Background. Cognitive Function Impairment can happen among workers expose by Toluene. This impairment mainly effect in attention, concentration and memory function, and can decrease working productivity. This study aims to calculate the prevalence of Cognitive Function impairment and related risk factors Method. Cross sectional design study was conducted on 102 female workers, age 19-40 years old and graduated from senior high school. Age and education were obtained from secondary data, and followed by interviews, physical and laboratory examination and Mini Mental States Examination. The inclusion criteria were age ≥ 1 year of work and willing to be the subject of research. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, menstruation, smoker, Alcohol consumption, history of head injury, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and Dyslipidemia. Risk factor included in this study were age, marital status, duration of work,time of work, PPE obedience ,work stress and nutritional status. Age, Marital status, Duration and Time of work were from secondary data of HRD department. Nutritional status was obtained from body mass index calculation. face mask obedience was obtained from data of wearing mask compliance. Work stress was assessed using Survey Diagnostic Stress Questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of Cognitive Function Impairment was 52 % , mainly at Attention – Calculation and Visuospasial Aspect respectively. Significant risk factors ( p value < 0,05 ) in this study were duration of work and time of work, PPE obedience and all of work stress domain. The Result of multivariate analysis show that conflict of role was the most influence factor ( OR 7,546 C.I 95% 1,5 – 41,88 ) Conclusion. This study found that the prevalence of cognitive function impairment was higher than theory and other similar studies . Cognitive aspects mainly affected were attention – calculation and visuospatial. Conflict of role was the most inluence risk factor relating with cognitive function impairment, Background. Cognitive Function Impairment can happen among workers expose by Toluene. This impairment mainly effect in attention, concentration and memory function, and can decrease working productivity. This study aims to calculate the prevalence of Cognitive Function impairment and related risk factors Method. Cross sectional design study was conducted on 102 female workers, age 19-40 years old and graduated from senior high school. Age and education were obtained from secondary data, and followed by interviews, physical and laboratory examination and Mini Mental States Examination. The inclusion criteria were age ≥ 1 year of work and willing to be the subject of research. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, menstruation, smoker, Alcohol consumption, history of head injury, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and Dyslipidemia. Risk factor included in this study were age, marital status, duration of work,time of work, PPE obedience ,work stress and nutritional status. Age, Marital status, Duration and Time of work were from secondary data of HRD department. Nutritional status was obtained from body mass index calculation. face mask obedience was obtained from data of wearing mask compliance. Work stress was assessed using Survey Diagnostic Stress Questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of Cognitive Function Impairment was 52 % , mainly at Attention – Calculation and Visuospasial Aspect respectively. Significant risk factors ( p value < 0,05 ) in this study were duration of work and time of work, PPE obedience and all of work stress domain. The Result of multivariate analysis show that conflict of role was the most influence factor ( OR 7,546 C.I 95% 1,5 – 41,88 ) Conclusion. This study found that the prevalence of cognitive function impairment was higher than theory and other similar studies . Cognitive aspects mainly affected were attention – calculation and visuospatial. Conflict of role was the most inluence risk factor relating with cognitive function impairment]"

"[ABSTRAKPM2,5 dapat masuk ke alveoli dan menjadi pemicu terjadinya inflamasi sehingga menyebabkan penurunan fungsi paru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis secara spasial hubungan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 udara dalam rumah dengan penurunan fungsi paru pada ibu rumah tangga sekitar industri Desa Sukadanau, Kecamatan Cikarang Barat, Kabupaten Bekasi tahun 2015. Desain penelitian cross sectional modifikasi geographical epidemiology pada 125 ibu rumah tangga berusia 20-45 tahun yang akan diperiksa fungsi parunyamenggunakan spirometri serta 125 sampel PM2,5 udara dalam rumah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 58,4% ibu rumah tangga yang mengalami penurunan fungsi paru. Hasil analisis multivariat dapat disimpulkan bahwa ibu rumah tangga berusia 20-45 tahun yang tinggal di rumah dengan konsentrasi PM2,5 tidak memenuhi syarat berisiko 2,4 kali lebih besar mengalami penurunan fungsi paru dibandingkan ibu rumah tangga yang tinggal di dalam rumah dengankonsentrasi PM2,5 memenuhi syarat setelah dikontrol variabel ventilasi dan pajanan asap rokok. Analisis spasial menunjukkan RW 5 dan RW 8 Desa Sukadanau, Kecamatan Cikarang Barat merupakan wilayah RW dengan zona prioritas untuk dilakukan intervensi kesehatan.

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ABSTRACTFine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lung and may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this study was to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung function levels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design study combine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysis were 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were 58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded that housewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4 times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles after controlled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concluded that RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with very high risk area.;Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lungand may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this studywas to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung functionlevels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design studycombine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysiswere 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded thathousewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles aftercontrolled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concludedthat RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with veryhigh risk area.;Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lungand may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this studywas to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung functionlevels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design studycombine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysiswere 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded thathousewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles aftercontrolled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concludedthat RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with veryhigh risk area.;Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lungand may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this studywas to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung functionlevels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design studycombine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysiswere 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded thathousewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles aftercontrolled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concludedthat RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with veryhigh risk area., Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lungand may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this studywas to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung functionlevels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design studycombine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysiswere 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded thathousewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles aftercontrolled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concludedthat RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with veryhigh risk area.]"

"Peran dan fungsi manajemen kepala ruangan berkontribusi dalam pelaksanaan komunikasi efektif terutama pada pelaksanaan serah terima. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi hubungan peran, fungsi manajemen kepala ruangan dan pelaksanaan serah terima dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan probability sampling (tehnik simple random sampling) dengan 266 sampel sesuai kriteria inklusi. Instrumen yang digunakan merupakan modifikasi dari berbagai sumber terkait. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil uji valliditas dan reliabilitas instrumen B adalah 0,362-0,912 (Cronbach alpha 0,955) dan instrument C adalah 0,455-0,722 (Cronbach alpha 0,957) sehingga dikatakan valid dan reliabel. Kesimpulan adalah rata-rata staf pelaksana keperawatan berumur 32,01 tahun, masa kerja 12,27 tahun, mayoritas perempuan, berpendidikan vokasi, pernah mengikuti pelatihan komunikasi efektif, status kepegawaian sukarela/honor/kontrak, jenjang karir perawat klinik (PK) III, dan posisi jabatan sebagai pelaksana, kepala ruangan paling tinggi menjalankan peran informational dan fungsi pengarahan, ada hubungan antara peran kepala ruangan, fungsi manajemen, tingkat pendidikan, pelatihan komunikasi efektif, dan status kepegawaian dengan pelaksanaan serah terima (p = 0,0001–0,045, α = 0,05), faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi pelaksanaan serah terima adalah pelatihan komunikasi efektif (Nilai Beta = 3,059) fungsi manajemen kepala ruangan (Nilai Beta = 0,520). Rekomendasi adalah rumah sakit membuat program peningkatan pendidikan staf pelaksana vokasi menjadi pendidikan profesi, membuat program pelatihan peran dan fungsi manajemen kepala ruangan, menjadikan peran dan fungsi manajemen menjadi key performance indicator (KPI) kepala ruangan, kepala ruangan meningkatkan peran interpersonal dan supervisi, dan instrumen penelitian mengenai pelaksanaan serah terima dapat dijadikan panduan dalam melaksanakan serah terima di ruangan.

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The role and management function of the head nurse contributes to effective communication, especially during the handover. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among role, management functions of the head nurse and handover implementation with a cross sectional design. This study used probability sampling (simple random sampling technique) with 266 samples according to the inclusion criteria. The instrument used a modification of various related sources. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multiple linear regression.The results of validity and reliability test of instrument B are 0.362-0.912 (Cronbach alpha 0.955) and instrument C are 0.455-0.722 (Cronbach alpha 0.957) so that valid and reliable.

Conclusions were the average nursing staff aged 32.01 years, working period 12.27 years, majority of women, vocational education, had attended effective communication training, voluntary/honor/contract employment status, clinical nurse career ladder  III, and position as staff, the highest head nurse carriest out an informational role and directional function, there are relationship among roles of head nurse, management functions, education level, effective communication training, and employment status and handover (p = 0,0001–0,045, α = 0.05), the most dominant factor affecting the handover implementation were effective communication training (Beta Value = 3.059) and management function of head nurse (Beta Value = 0.520).

Recommendation is for hospitals to make education improvement programs for vocational staff to become professional education, make training programs for the role and function of the head of the room, make management roles and functions key room indicator (KPI), room heads improve interpersonal and supervision roles, and instruments research on the implementation of handover can be used as a guide in carrying out handovers in the room."

"Latar Belakang : Tujuan terapi skizofrenia saat ini adalah untuk mengembalikan fungsi pasien kepada fungsi sebelum menderita skizofrenia atau paling tidak mendekati fungsi sebelum menderita skizofrenia. Pengobatan skizofrenia dengan antipsikotika saat ini dianjurkan dengan pemberian tunggal, namun akhir-akhir ini terjadi peningkatan pemberian antipsikotika secara kombinasi baik di Indonesia maupun di dunia. Pemberian antipsikotika secara kombinasi diperkirakan pada akhirnya mempengaruhi performa fungsi pasien skizofrenia. Penilaian performa fungsi pasien dapat dilakukan melalui penilaian dengan Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). Tujuan : Menilai performa fungsi pasien skizofenia dengan terapi tunggal dan kombinasi antipsikotika, serta membandingkan performa fungsi di antara kedua kelompok tersebut. Metode: Dua ratus lima pasien dengan diagnosis skizofrenia berusia 18-59 tahun yang berobat jalan didampingi keluarga/care giver di Poliklinik Jiwa Dewasa RSCM pada Desember 2011 sampai Mei 2012, pria maupun wanita, tanpa membedakan jenis skizofrenianya, disertakan dalam penelitian dengan simple random sampling, dan dikelompokkan menjadi dua menurut jumlah antipsikotika yang diterima, tunggal dan kombinasi. Dilakukan pengumpulan data dan penilaian pasien menurut Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) yang sudah divalidasi kedalam bahasa Indonesia. Hipotesis penelitian adalah performa fungsi pasien skizofrenia yang mendapatkan terapi tunggal antipsikotika lebih baik dibandingkan yang mendapatkan terapi kombinasi antipsikotika. Dilakukan analisis non parametrik untuk membandingkan nilai PSP antara kedua kelompok tersebut, serta analisis multivariat untuk mengetahui faktor yang paling berperan terhadap performa fungsi pasien. Hasil : Hasil analisis non parametrik dengan uji Mann-Whitney memberikan hasil p<0.005, yang artinya performa fungsi pasien skizofrenia yang mendapatkan terapi tunggal lebih baik daripada yang mendapatkan terapi kombinasi. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor yang paling bermakna dalam memberikan performa fungsi yang baik adalah tingkat pendidikan pasien, apabila dibandingkan dengan faktor lainnya. Performa fungsi menjadi salah satu faktor dalam menentukan pemilihan antipsikotika. Dalam penelitian ini tidak dianalisis hubungan antara awitan, lama penyakit, jenis skizofrenia, frekuensi kekambuhan, serta faktor sosial ekonomi pasien terhadap baik atau buruknya performa fungsi. Kesimpulan : Performa fungsi pasien skizofrenia yang mendapatkan terapi tunggal antipsikotika lebih baik daripada yang mendapatkan terapi kombinasi antipsikotika.

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Background : The goal of therapy for schizophrenia nowadays is to restore patient?s function to their premorbid level, or at least near that original capability. Single drug therapy, or monotherapy for schizophrenia is recommended, but there are evidences that the use of combination therapy with antipsychotic or polypharmacy is frequent, this is true in Indonesia and also in the rest of the world. The use of the combination therapy is believed to affect performance and function of the patients. Measurement of performance and function can be done with the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP),for the clinical assessment.

Objectives : To assess the functioning performance in patients with schizophrenia who have been given monotherapy and poltpharmacy of antipsychotics, followed by a comparison analysis between both groups.

Method: Two hundred and five patients who have been diagnosed withschizophrenia between the ages of 18-59 years and accompanied by a family member or their caregivers coming to the Poliklinik Jiwa Dewasa RSCM in December 2011 to April 2012, were assessed. Both male and female patients were studied and no differentiation of schizophrenia type was done in this study. Simple random sampling was used and they were then listed in two groups, one group receiving single drug and the other getting combination therapy. Data collection conducted by researcher and the assessment is according to the protocol of the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), Indonesian validated translation. Research hypothesis is that the performance of the functions of patients with schizophrenia who received single therapy is better compared to those receiving combination antipsychotic therapy. Non-parametric analysis was performed to compare values between groups, as well as multivariate analysis to determine the factors that most contribute to the performance of the functions of the patient.

Results : The result of non-parametric analysis with Mann-Whitney test is p <0.005, which means that the performance of the functions of patients with schizophrenia who received single therapy was better than the group who received combination therapy. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the most significant factor in delivering good performance is the educational level of the patients, when compared with other factors.

Conclusions : Performance of the functions of patients with schizophrenia who received single therapy antipsychotics was found to be better than the group who were given combination antipsychotic therapy."

"Infeksi saluran kemih dan batu ginjal merupakan masalah kesehatan dengan prevalensi dan insidensi yang tinggi di dunia. Pasien batu ginjal dapat mengalami penurunan fungsi ginjal yang dapat berujung pada Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara infeksi saluran kemih dengan fungsi ginjal pada pasien batu ginjal. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang, melibatkan 5463 pasien batu ginjal yang menjalani perawatan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSUPNCM) pada tahun 2000-2013. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 1140 pasien yang mempunyai data leukosit urin dan kreatinin serum. Sampel didapatkan dengan metode total population sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mempelajari rekam medis pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rasio subjek lakilaki: perempuan sebesar 7:3, prevalensi infeksi saluran kemih pada pasien batu ginjal sebesar 27.3%, prevalensi fungsi ginjal buruk pada pasien batu ginjal sebesar 37.4%, dan nilai kemaknaan p<0.0001 pada hubungan antara infeksi saluran kemih dengan fungsi ginjal pada pasien batu ginjal. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara infeksi saluran kemih dengan fungsi ginjal pada pasien batu ginjal. Diperlukan penatalaksanaan serta pencegahan infeksi saluran kemih pada pasien batu ginjal untuk mencegah perburukan fungsi ginjal.

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Urinary tract infections and kidney stones are among the high prevalence health problems in the world. Kidney stone patients may have reduced kidney function that can lead to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). This study investigates possible relations between urinary tract infection with renal function in kidney stone patient.

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 5463 patients undergoing treatment for calculous disease in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Center General Hospital (RSUPNCM) between 2000 and 2013. Data were collected from 1140 patients whose urine leukocytes and serum creatinine data were recorded. Samples were obtained using total population sampling method. Data were collected from patient's medical record. Patient characteristics were well matched generally.

The male to female ratio of subjects were 7:3 with a mean age of 46. Among subjects, 27.3% had urinary tract infections while 37.4% had poor kidney function. There was a significance value of p<0.0001 on the relationship between urinary tract infection and renal function in kidney stone patients.

In conclusion, there is a significant association between urinary tract infections and renal function in kidney stone patients. Management and prevention of urinary tract infections are necessary in kidney stone patients to prevent deterioration of renal function."

"Penyakit batu saluran kemih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang cukup besar. Riset kesehatan dasar tahun 2013 menunjukkan jumlah kasus batu ginjal sebesar 0,6% dari seluruh masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Penyakit batu ginjal dapat menyebabkan terganggunya fungsi ginjal dan dapat berkembang menjadi gagal ginjal. Pada penyakit batu saluran kemih stone burden adalah luas permukaan batu yang merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh pada penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross-sectional dengan data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien batu ginjal di Departemen Urologi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo sebanyak 5464 pasien. Dengan menggunakan teknik total population sampling didapatkan sebanyak 1898 pasien memiliki data kadar kreatinin dan ukuran batu ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara high stone burden dengan fungsi ginjal pada pasien batu ginjal. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan perbandingan subjek laki-laki terhadap perempuan sebesar 4:1 dan perbandingan jumlah subjek usia dewasa dengan usia lanjut sebesar 3:2. Sebesar 834 (43,9%) dengan prevalensi high stone burden, sebesar 778 (41%) dengan prevalensi fungsi ginjal buruk. Melalui uji statistik didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara high stone burden dengan penurunan fungsi ginjal (p<0,001). Perlu dilakukan edukasi terhadap masyarakat mengenai pentingnya pemeriksaan dan penatalaksanaan lebih awal pada pasien batu ginjal.

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Urolithiasis is a big problem with many cases. Riset kesehatan dasar 2013 showed that kidney stone disease have 0,6% of prevalence from all of the health problems in Indonesia. Kidney stone disease can cause reduced kidney function and it leads to kidney failure. Stone burden is kidney stone?s surface area which is a factor that have some effect in urolithiasis. This is a cross-sectional study, the secondary data collected from 5464 medical records of kidney stone patients at Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. With total population sampling, there are 1898 subjects who have cratinin serum and stone size data. Purpose of this study is to find association between high stone burden and kidney function in kidney stone patients. From this study, we found that the ratio of men and women is 4:1 and the ratio of adults and elders is 3:2. High stone burden have 43,9% (834) of prevalence and reduced kidney function have 41% (778) of prevalence. From statistic test we found that there is a significant association between high stone burden and reduced kidney function (p< 0,001). Education to the people about the importancy of early medical check up and treatment is needed to be done."