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"Nilai rata-rata siswa Indonesia dalam pelajaran Matematika cenderung rendah. Mereka pun kerap mengalami kesulitan dan mudah bosan saat proses pembelajaran Matematika berlangsung, terutama para siswa SMA. Hal ini mencirikan bahwa mereka kurang terlibat dalam pelajaran Matematika. Adapun salah satu faktor yang berperan terhadap keterlibatan siswa adalah motivasi akademik, karena merupakan prasyarat dan elemen yang dibutuhkan dari keterlibatan itu sendiri. Karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran motivasi akademik terhadap keterlibatan siswa SMA dalam pelajaran Matematika. Variabel motivasi akademik dalam penelitian ini akan diukur menggunakan Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) - Short Indonesian Language Version (Natalya, 2018), dan keterlibatan siswa dalam Matematika akan menggunakan University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) (Maroco et al., 2016). Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan secara daring dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada partisipan penelitian, yakni siswa SMA di Jabodetabek yang menjalani sistem PTM. Data penelitian kemudian diolah menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi akademik mampu memprediksikan dan dapat menjelaskan 18.9% varians pada keterlibatan siswa dalam Matematika. Oleh karena itu, para guru dan sekolah di Indonesia dapat merancang metode pembelajaran yang mempertimbangkan motivasi akademik terhadap proses pembelajaran agar keterlibatan siswa mengalami peningkatan, terutama dalam pelajaran Matematika.

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The average score of Indonesian students in Mathematics tends to be low. They also often experience difficulties and get bored easily during the Mathematics learning process, especially high school students. This characterizes that they are less engaged in Mathematics. One of the factors that contribute to student engagement is academic motivation, because it is a precursor and an element needed from the engagement. Therefore, this study aims to see the role of academic motivation on high school students’ engagement in Mathematics. The academic motivation variable in this study will be measured using the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) - Short Indonesian Language Version (Natalya, 2018), and student engagement in Mathematics will using the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) (Maroco et al., 2016). Research data collection was carried out online by distributing questionnaires to research participants, which are high school students in Jabodetabek that use the PTM system. Then the research data was processed using a simple linear regression analysis technique. The result showed that academic motivation could predict and explain 18.9% of the variance in student engagement in Mathematics. Therefore, teachers and schools in Indonesia could design learning methods that consider academic motivation in the learning process to increase student engagement, especially in Mathematics."

"Nilai rata-rata siswa Indonesia dalam pelajaran Matematika cenderung rendah. Mereka pun kerap mengalami kesulitan dan mudah bosan saat proses pembelajaran Matematika berlangsung, terutama para siswa SMA. Hal ini mencirikan bahwa mereka kurang terlibat dalam pelajaran Matematika. Adapun salah satu faktor yang berperan terhadap keterlibatan siswa adalah motivasi akademik, karena merupakan prasyarat dan elemen yang dibutuhkan dari keterlibatan itu sendiri. Karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran motivasi akademik terhadap keterlibatan siswa SMA dalam pelajaran Matematika. Variabel motivasi akademik dalam penelitian ini akan diukur menggunakan Academic Motivation Scale (AMS)-Short Indonesian Language Version (Natalya, 2018), dan keterlibatan siswa dalam Matematika akan menggunakan University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) (Maroco et al., 2016). Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan secara daring dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada partisipan penelitian, yakni siswa SMA di Jabodetabek yang menjalani sistem PTM. Data penelitian kemudian diolah menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi akademik mampu memprediksikan dan dapat menjelaskan 18.9% varians pada keterlibatan siswa dalam Matematika. Oleh karena itu, para guru dan sekolah di Indonesia dapat merancang metode pembelajaran yang mempertimbangkan motivasi akademik terhadap proses pembelajaran agar keterlibatan siswa mengalami peningkatan, terutama dalam pelajaran Matematika.

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The average score of Indonesian students in Mathematics tends to be low. They also often experience difficulties and get bored easily during the Mathematics learning process, especially high school students. This characterizes that they are less engaged in Mathematics. One of the factors that contribute to student engagement is academic motivation, because it is a precursor and an element needed from the engagement. Therefore, this study aims to see the role of academic motivation on high school students’ engagement in Mathematics. The academic motivation variable in this study will be measured using the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) - Short Indonesian Language Version (Natalya, 2018), and student engagement in Mathematics will using the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) (Maroco et al., 2016). Research data collection was carried out online by distributing questionnaires to research participants, which are high school students in Jabodetabek that use the PTM system. Then the research data was processed using a simple linear regression analysis technique. The result showed that academic motivation could predict and explain 18.9% of the variance in student engagement in Mathematics. Therefore, teachers and schools in Indonesia could design learning methods that consider academic motivation in the learning process to increase student engagement, especially in Mathematics"

"Agentic Engagement (Keterlibatan agentik) merupakan salah satu aspek dari keterlibatan peserta didik atau dikenal dengan istilah student engagement. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat peran motivasi terhadap keterlibatan agentik pada peserta didik SMA dalam masa pembelajaran jarak jauh. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 375 peserta didik kelas XII yang bersekolah di SMA Negeri Jabodetabek. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan Agentic Engagement Scale (AES) (Reeve, 2013) dan Questionnaire of Motivation Dimensions (QMD) (Maulana & Bosker, 2011). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan analisis regresi berganda, dengan hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa motivasi ekstrinsik pada peserta didik cenderung rendah. Sementara motivasi introjected, identified dan intrinsik pada peserta didik bahwa motivasi intrinsik lebih tinggi. Dan motivasi intrinsik dan introjected juga lebih baik memengaruhi secara positif kontribusi konstruktif peserta didik.

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Agentic Engagement is one of an aspect from student engagement. The purpose of this research is to see the role of motivation on keterlibatan agentik or involvement in school, especially during distance learning. This research was conducted on 375 12th grade students who attend SMA Negeri Jabodetabek. The measuring tools used in this study are the Keterlibatan agentik Scale (AES) (Reeve, 2013) and the Questionnaire of Motivation Dimensions (QMD) (Maulana & Bosker, 2011). The method used in this study is a simple regression analysis, with the results that the extrinsic motivation of students tends to be low. While introjected, identified and intrinsic motivation to students that intrinsic motivation is higher. And intrinsic and introjected motivation are also better at positively influencing the constructive contribution of students."

"Pada jenjang SMA di Indonesia ditemukan bahwa pelajaran Matematika menjadi mata pelajaran yang kurang diminati oleh siswa dan memiliki capaian nilai kompetensi yang rendah. Rendahnya minat dan nilai kompetensi Matematika mengindikasikan rendahnya keterlibatan siswa SMA dalam pelajaran Matematika. Keterlibatan siswa merupakan salah satu indikator dari keberhasilan proses akademik di sekolah yang mana rendahnya keterlibatan siswa dapat berimplikasi pada berbagai perilaku negatif yang secara bertahap dapat menyebabkan kasus putus sekolah. Maka dari itu, diperlukan adanya identifikasi mengenai faktor yang dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa SMA. Persepsi dukungan sosial dan adaptabilitas dipilih sebagai variabel pada penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran persepsi dukungan sosial dan adaptabilitas secara bersamaan terhadap keterlibatan siswa SMA dalam pelajaran Matematika. Keterlibatan siswa dalam Matematika diukur menggunakan University Student Engagement (USEI), persepsi dukungan sosial diukur dengan Social Provisions Scale (SPS), dan adaptabilitas diukur dengan The Adaptability Scale (TAS). Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara daring kepada siswa SMA yang bersekolah di Jabodetabek dan sedang menjalani pembelajaran tatap muka. Analisis regresi berganda digunakan untuk melihat peran dari tiga sumber dukungan sosial dan adaptabilitas dalam memprediksi keterlibatan siswa dalam Matematika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya peran persepsi dukungan sosial siswa terhadap guru dan adaptabilitas yang secara simultan memprediksi keterlibatan siswa dalam pelajaran Matematika (R =.281 p<0.001).

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Mathematics in Indonesia was found to be a subject with low competency scores, especially at the senior high school level. The low competency score obtained indicates the low engagement of high school students in Mathematics. Student engagement is one indicator of the process of academic success in schools, where low student involvement can have an impact on various negative behaviors, which can gradually lead to cases of dropping out. Therefore, it is necessary to identify factors that can increase the involvement of high school students. Perceived social support and adaptability were selected as variables in this study. This study examines the role of perceptions of social support and adaptability simultaneously on high school students’ engagement in Mathematics during face-to-face learning. Student engagement in Mathematics will be measured using University Student Engagement (USEI), perceptions of social support will using the Social Provisions Scale (SPS), and adaptability will be measured using The Adaptability Scale (TAS). Research data collection was carried out by distributing an online questionnaire to high school students who attend schools in Jabodetabek and are undergoing face-to-face learning. Multiple regression analysis was used to see the role of three sources of social support and adaptability in predicting student engagement. The results showed that only perceived social support for math teachers and adaptability which simultaneously predicted student engagement in Mathematics (R =.281 p<0.001)."

"Perubahan sistem belajar menjadi Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) menyebabkan kondisi motivasi akademik siswa tidak optimal. Kondisi motivasi akademik siswa penting untuk diperhatikan agar performa dan hasil belajar siswa dapat terjaga. Pada penelitian dengan konteks sekolah tatap muka, ditemukan bahwa persepsi siswa terhadap perilaku mengajar guru dan resiliensi akademik menjadi faktor yang berperan pada kondisi motivasi akademik siswa. Perilaku mengajar guru berperan pada motivasi akademik dengan memenuhi kebutuhan dasar psikologis siswa melalui autonomy support, involvement, dan structure. Resiliensi akademik berperan menjaga motivasi akademik jika siswa memiliki kegigihan, memahami diri sendiri, dan memiliki kestabilan emosi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji peran persepsi perilaku mengajar guru dan resiliensi akademik secara bersamaan terhadap motivasi akademik pada konteks PJJ. Motivasi akademik diukur dengan Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), persepsi perilaku mengajar guru diukur dengan Teacher as Social Context Questionnaire (TASCQ), dan resiliensi akademik diukur dengan School Resilience Scale (SRS). Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 223 siswa SMA yang sedang menjalani PJJ yang didapat melalui kuesioner daring. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi perilaku mengajar guru dan resiliensi akademik secara bersamaan signifikan berperan pada motivasi akademik dengan kontribusi sebesar 29%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi akademik dapat meningkat ketika persepsi siswa terhadap perilaku guru dan kapasitas resiliensi akademik siswa semakin baik. Oleh karena itu, perilaku mengajar guru dan kapasitas resiliensi akademik siswa perlu diperhatikan agar kondisi motivasi akademik siswa dapat terjaga.

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The change in the learning system to distance learning causes students to lack academic motivation. Students' academic motivation is essential to maintain student performance and learning outcomes. Studies with a face-to-face school context found that students' perceived teaching behavior and academic resilience predicted students' academic motivation. Teaching behavior predicts academic motivation by accomplishing students' basic psychological needs through autonomy support, involvement, and structure. Academic resilience predicts academic motivation if students have perseverance, reflecting adaptive help-seeking, and emotional stability. This study examines the role of perceived teaching behavior and academic resilience on academic motivation in the distance learning context. Academic motivation was measured by the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), perceived teaching behavior was measured by the Teacher as Social Context Questionnaire (TASCQ), and academic resilience was measured by the School Resilience Scale (SRS). The participants of this study were 223 high school students who were undergoing distance learning acquired through an online questionnaire. This study shows that the perceived teaching behavior and academic resilience significantly influence academic motivation, with 29% contribution. Therefore, addressing teaching behavior and students' academic resilience capacity is needed to maintain students' academic motivation."

"Perubahan metode pembelajaran secara intens di sekolah selama masa Pandemi COVID-19 menjadi tantangan tersediri bagi guru untuk mengajar murid secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dimensi persepsi dukungan sosial dapat memprediksi efektivitas guru, serta ingin mengetahui dimensi persepsi dukungan sosial manakah yang memiliki kontribusi paling besar dalam memprediksi efektivitas guru. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 257 guru SMP/MTS berusia 22-60 tahun, pernah mengajar secara PTM setelah pandemi COVID-19, dan mengajar pada jenjang SMP/MTS di wilayah Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Bekasi, Banten. Penelitian ini menggunakan Revised-Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Oktarina et al., 2021) dan Teacher Effectiveness Scale (Primandhita, 2020). Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa keempat dimensi persepsi dukungan sosial secara signifikan dan positif berperan dalam memprediksi efektivitas guru (p<0.05). Rekan kerja, kepala sekolah, dan keluarga menjadi sumber persepsi dukungan sosial yang memiliki kontribusi terbesar dalam memprediksi efektivitas guru. Hasil penelitian mengimplikasikan bahwa guru perlu memiliki persepsi dukungan sosial dari orang sekitar untuk meningkatkan efektivitas guru. Hal tersebut dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi pihak sekolah serta pihak terkait lainnya untuk menyelenggarakan sebuah program pelatihan dan kolaborasi untuk menciptakan lingkungan pekerjaan yang aman sehingga efektivitas guru pun dapat meningkat.

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Intense changes in learning methods in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic became a challenge for teachers to teach students effectively. This study aims to determine whether the dimensions of perceived social support can predict teacher effectiveness and to find out which perceived social support dimension has the greatest contribution in predicting teacher effectiveness. The participants in this study were 257 SMP/MTs teachers aged 22-60 years, who had taught face-to-face learning after the COVID-19 pandemic, and taught at the SMP/MTs level in the Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Bekasi, Banten areas. This study uses the Revised-Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Oktarina et al., 2021) and the Teacher Effectiveness Scale (Primandhita, 2020). The results of the regression analysis showed that the four perceived social support dimensions significantly and positively played a role in predicting teacher effectiveness (p<0.05). Colleagues, school principals, and families are the perceived social support sources that have the greatest contribution to predicting teacher effectiveness. The research results imply that teachers need perceived social support from those around them to increase teacher effectiveness. This can be a consideration for schools and other related parties to organize a training and collaboration program to create a safe work environment so that teacher effectiveness can increase."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara tipe motivasi akademis dan burnout akademis yang terjadi pada siswa SMA selama pembelajaran jarak jauh di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif korelasional dengan teknik analisis spearman correlation Alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur variabel burnout akademis adalah Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) dan motivasi akademis diukur menggunakan Academic Motivation Scale (AMS)-Bahasa Indonesia versi singkat. Seratus lima puluh tiga (153) siswa SMA sederajat yang menjalani pembelajaran jarak jauh menjadi partisipan dalam penelitian yang diadakan secara daring. Penelitian menunjukkan tiga hasil, pertama motivasi intrinsik dan burnout akademis memiliki korelasi negatif signifikan dengan (r= -0.51**, p<0,01). Kedua, motivasi ekstrinsik dan burnout akademis berkorelasi negatif signifikan dengan  (r= -0.41**, p<0,01). Ketiga, amotivasi dan burnout akademis berkorelasi positif signifikan dengan (r= 0.36**, p<0,01). Dari penelitian ini diketahui tiga tipe motivasi akademis: intrinsik, ekstrinsik, dan amotivasi memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan burnout akademis.

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This study aims to look at the relationship between types of academic motivation and academic burnout that occurs in high school students during distance learning in the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a quantitative correlational study using the Spearman correlation analysis technique. The measurement tool used to measure academic burnout is the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) and academic motivation is measured using the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS)-short version. One hundred and fifty-three (153) high school students who underwent distance learning became participants in the research which was conducted online. Research shows three results, firstly intrinsic motivation and academic burnout have a significant negative correlation (r= -0.51**, p<0.01). Second, extrinsic motivation and academic burnout have a significant negative correlation (r= -0.41**, p<0.01). Third, amotivation and academic burnout have a significant positive correlation (r= 0.36**, p<0.01). From this study it is known that three types of academic motivation: intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation have a significant relationship with academic burnout."

"Metode pembelajaran jarak jauh yang diterapkan di Indonesia memunculkan berbagai kendala bagi siswa. Seperti beban tugas, kejenuhan, rasa malas dan kurang peduli pada sekolah, yang pada akhirnya berdampak pada penurunan motivasi akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat peran dukungan sosial dari orang tua yang dipersepsikan oleh siswa dan self-regulated learning secara bersamaan terhadap motivasi akademik. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA di Indonesia yang sedang menjalani pembelajaran jarak jauh (N=223). Terdapat tiga alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yakni Academic Motivation Scale Short Indonesian Version untuk mengukur motivasi akademik, Social Provisions Scale untuk mengukur dukungan sosial dari orang tua yang dipersepsikan oleh siswa, dan Self-Regulated Online Learning untuk mengukur self-regulated learning. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian diolah menggunakan teknik statistik analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial dari orang tua yang dipersepsikan oleh siswa dan self-regulated learning secara bersamaan berperan terhadap motivasi akademik sebesar 18,2% (R2=0,182, p<0,05), dimana self-regulated learning memberikan sumbangan terbesar yakni 18,9% dan -0,7% sisanya merupakan sumbangan dari dukungan sosial dari orang tua yang dipersepsikan oleh siswa. Oleh karena itu, self-regulated learning dapat dikatakan sebagai faktor yang penting dimiliki oleh siswa untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan motivasi akademiknya.

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The distance learning method applied in Indonesia raises various difficulties for students. These include workload, boredom, feeling lazy, and lacking in attentiveness about school, which in turn has an impact on the declining of academic motivation. This study aims to determine whether there is a role of a perceived social support from parents and self-regulated learning simultaneously toward academic motivation. The participants of this study are high school students in Indonesia who are undergoing distance learning (N=233). There are three measuring tools that are used in this study, namely Academic Motivation Scale Short Indonesian Version to measure academic motivation, Social Provisions Scale to measure perceived social support, and Self-Regulated Online Learning to measure self-regulated learning. The data collected is processed using multiple regression statistical techniques. The result of the study showed that there is a role of perceived social support from parents and self-regulated learning simultaneously toward academic motivation by 18,2% (R2=0,182, p<0,05), where self-regulated learning gave the largest contribution, namely 18.9% and the remaining -0.7% is a contribution from perceived social support from parents. Therefore, self-regulated learning is said to be an important factor for students to maintain and improve their academic motivation."

"Selama Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ), para siswa mengalami berbagai tantangan yang dapat menurunkan semangat untuk belajar. Situasi pembelajaran yang baru dan terbatasnya interaksi fisik dengan orang lain menyebabkan siswa perlu beradaptasi untuk menjaga performanya di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi dari persepsi dukungan sosial dan efikasi diri akademik secara bersamaan terhadap motivasi akademik, serta variabel yang berkontribusi lebih besar pada motivasi akademik siswa SMA selama PJJ. Motivasi akademik mengacu pada self-determination theory dan diukur menggunakan Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), persepsi dukungan sosial diukur menggunakan Social Provisions Scale (SPS), dan efikasi diri akademik diukur menggunakan Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C). Partisipan penelitian adalah 223 siswa SMA berusia 15-18 tahun yang sedang menjalani PJJ (N laki-laki = 23, N perempuan = 200). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa persepsi dukungan sosial dan efikasi diri akademik berpengaruh signifikan secara bersamaan, serta berkontribusi sebesar 20,1% terhadap motivasi akademik siswa SMA. Selain itu, penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kontribusi varians efikasi diri akademik lebih besar dibandingkan persepsi dukungan sosial terhadap motivasi akademik. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, motivasi akademik siswa SMA dapat lebih meningkat ketika memiliki efikasi diri akademik dan mampu mempersepsikan dukungan yang didapatkannya.

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During distance learning, students experience various challenges that can reduce their enthusiasm for learning. With this new learning situation and the limited physical interaction with other people, students need to make adaptations to keep their performance at school. This study aims to investigate the contribution of perceived social support and academic self-efficacy simultaneously to academic motivation, as well as variables that contribute more among senior high school students' academic motivation during distance learning. Academic motivation refers to the self-determination theory and was measured with the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), perceived social support was measured with the Social Provisions Scale (SPS), and academic self-efficacy was measured with the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C). The participants of this study were 223 high school students aged 15-18 years who are currently going distance learning (N male = 23, N female = 200). Results of this study shows that students’ perceptions of social support and their academic self-efficacy simultaneously affect academic motivation. The two variables contributed to 20,1% of academic motivation among senior high school students. In addition, this study also found that academic self-efficacy has more contribution to academic motivation than perceived social support. Based on these results, high school students show better academic motivation when they have academic self-efficacy and can perceive the support they get."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara student engagement dan perceived classroom structure siswa SMA pada tiga matapelajaran, yaitu Matematika, Bahasa Indonesia, dan Bahasa Inggris. Pengukuran terhadap student engagement menggunakan alat ukur School Engagement Measure-McArthur (Fredricks, et al., 2005) dan pengukuran terhadap perceived classroom goal structure menggunakan skala Perception of Classroom Goal Structure dari alat ukur Patterns of Adaptive Learning Survey (Midgley, et al., 2000). Jumlah partisipan yang diperoleh sejumlah 188 siswa kelas 11 SMA yang bersekolah di Jabodetabek.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga dimensi student engagement, yaitu behavioral, emotional dan cognitive engagement memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan perceived classroom goal structure pada seluruh matapelajaran. Menggunakan multiple regression analysis diketahui bahwa tipe perceived classroom goal structure, yang memberikan sumbangan terbesar terhadap adalah tipe persepsi classroom mastery goal structure. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, student engagement siswa dapat ditingkatkan dengan membentuk kelas yang memiliki clasroom mastery goal structure.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was a relationship between student engagement and perceived classroom goal structure of high school grade students in Math, Bahasa and English subjects. Student engagement was measured using the School Engagement Measure-McArthur (Fredricks, et al, 2004) and student?s perceived classroom goal structure was measured using the Perception of Classroom Goal Structure scale of the Pattern of Adaptive Learning Survey (PALS) (Midgley, et al., 2000). A total of 188 eleventh grade students from schools in the Jabodetabek area participated in this study.

Results show that there was an overall significant correlation between the three student engagement dimensions (behavioral, emotional, and cognitive) and student?s perceived classroom goal structure. Using multiple regression analyses, the study shows that perceptions of a classroom mastery goal structure contributed the most to student engagement. Result of the study implies that student engagement can be increased in a classroom with a mastery goal structure."