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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan intensi keterlibatan ayah dalam aktifitas pengasuhan anak di Kabupaten Garut melalui kegiatan pelatihan dengan menggunakan pendekatan participatory training. Alur pelatihan ini didasarkan pada teori three-steps-chane model yang dikemukakan oleh Lewin namun hanya dilaksanakan hingga tahap unfreezing karena keterbatasan waktu. Materi yang disampaikan dalam pelatihan ini didasarkan pada konstruk keterlibatan ayah dalam aktifitas pengasuhan anak yang dikemukakan oleh Lamb dimana menurutnya, keterlibatan ayah dalam aktifitas pengasuhan anak memiliki tiga dimensi, yaitu engagement, availability, dan responsibility. Pelatihan Fathering ini sendiri dilaksanakan pada tanggal 24 Desember 2012 dan diikuti oleh 12 peserta. Pengukuran intensi dilakukan pada saat sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan diberikan sehingga penelitian ini memiliki disain before-and-after study. Hasil penelitian diukur dengan menggunakan analisa t-test yang menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi perbandingan skor intensi keterlibatan ayah dalam aktifitas pengasuhan anak antara sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan adalah 0.006 (p<0.05) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada tingkat intensi keterlibatan ayah di Kabupaten Garut dalam aktifitas pengasuhan anak antara sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan fathering diberikan.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to increase the intention of father involvement in Kabupaten Garut through a participatory training program. The steps of this training are based on the three-steps-change model, proposed by Lewin. Due to the time constrains, this training is only held up to the unfreezing stage. The presented material in this training is based on the construct of father involvement proposed by Lamb which has three dimensions: engagement, availability, and responsibility. This training was held on December 24, 2012 and attended by 12 participants. This research using the before and after study research design so that the level of father involvement intention was measured before and after the fathering training so. The result of measurement was compared using t-test analysis and showed that the significant level was 0.006 (p <0.05) which could be interpreted that there is a significant difference on the level of participants’ father involvement intention before and after the training."

"Kerjasama ayah dan ibu sebagai orangtua memiliki peran penting dalam memberikan stimulus yang optimal terhadap perkembangan anak. Namun, dalam kultur patriaki di Indonesia, seringkali terdapat pandangan yang memisahkan peran ayah dan ibu dalam pengasuhan. Ayah cenderung hanya berperan sebagai pencari nafkah, sementara tugas-tugas domestik termasuk pengasuhan anak lebih sering diberikan pada perempuan. Padahal, dalam berbagai penelitian keterlibatan ayah memiliki dampak positif tehadap perkembangan anak. Kondisi ini memicu peneliti untuk membuat intervensi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan anak khususnya usia 3- 5 tahun. Program intervensi yang dilakukan adalah pelatihan fathering dengan metode participatory training dan mengacu pada teori three-steps change model yang dikemukakan oleh Lewin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi-exeperimental dengan desain penelitian pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. Pretest akan dilakukan sebelum pelatihan dimulai, sedangkan posttest dilakukan langsung setelah selesai pelatihan dan seminggu setelah pelatihan. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pelatihan fathering terhadap peningkatan keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan anak usia 3- 5 tahun ditunjukkan dengan nilai uji signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (< 0,05). Hasil intervensi ini dapat digunakan untuk mengembangakan modul pelatihan sejenis selanjutnya.

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Collaboration between father and mother as parents has an important role in providing optimal stimulus for child development. However, in a patriarchal culture like in Indonesia, there is often a view that separates the role of father and mother in caring children. Fathers tend to only act as breadwinners, while domestic tasks including child care are more often given to women. In various studies, father involvement has a positive impact on children's development. This condition triggered researcher to make interventions aimed at increasing father involvement in parenting children especially those aged 3- 5 years. The intervention program carried out was fathering training with participatory training methods and referring to the three-step change model proposed by Lewin. This research is a quasi- experimental research with a pretest- posttest nonequivalent group design research design. The pretest will be conducted before the training begins, while the posttest will be conducted immediately after the training is finished and a week after the training. The conclusion of the results of this study is that there is a significant effect of fathering training on increasing father involvement in the care of children aged 3- 5 years indicated by a significance test value of 0,000 (<0.05). The results of this intervention can be used to develop the next type of training module."

"Orang tua yang terdiri dari ayah dan ibu perlu melakukan kerja sama untuk memberikan pengasuhan yang optimal dalam mendukung perkembangan anak. Namun demikian, ayah pada sebagian besar keluarga Indonesia masih kurang terlibat dibandingkan ibu dalam kegiatan pengasuhan anak. Sebuah program intervensi diajukan untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan ayah dalam kegiatan pengasuhan anak. Tesis ini membahas tentang program intervensi yang disebut READY (Reading with Daddy) dengan landasan teori intervensi three-steps model dari Kurt Lewin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain uji beda dua kelompok sebelum dan sesudah intervensi yang dilakukan pada dua TK di Kota Bengkulu. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada peringkat skor rata-rata keterlibatan ayah antara kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol yaitu 0,101 (p > 0,05). Skor keterlibatan ayah kelompok eksperimen juga terbukti tidak mengalami perubahan signifikan berdasarkan uji Kruskal Wallis yaitu 0,089 (p > 0,05). Analisis kualitatif dilakukan melalui kegiatan wawancara terhadap peserta kelompok eksperimen untuk mengetahui perubahan yang terjadi terhadap perilaku keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan anak. Hasil analisis kualitatif menggambarkan adanya perubahan positif yang dirasakan oleh ibu terhadap perilaku keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa program READY efektif untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan anak melalui kegiatan membaca bersama, meskipun hasil uji kuantitatif tidak signifikan dikarenakan oleh beberapa faktor seperti kendala waktu dan sampel penelitian yang jumlahnya terbatas.

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Parents, consisting of fathers and mothers, need to work together to provide optimal care when supporting children's development. However, fathers in most Indonesian families are still less involved than mothers in childcare activities. A father intervention program was proposed to increase father involvement in childcare activities. This thesis discusses an intervention program called READY (Reading with Daddy) based on Kurt Lewin's three-step model of intervention theory. This research is a study with a different test design of two groups before and after the intervention, which was carried out in two kindergartens in Bengkulu City. The results of the study using the Mann Whitney test showed that there was no significant difference in the average father involvement score between the experimental and control groups, namely 0.101 (p > 0.05). The experimental group's father involvement score also proved to have no significant change based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, namely 0.089 (p > 0.05). Interviews with experimental group participants were used to conduct qualitative analysis to determine changes in fathers' involvement in child rearing behavior. The results of the qualitative analysis describe positive changes felt by the mother towards the father's involvement in parenting behavior. This proves that the READY program is effective for increasing father involvement in childcare through reading together, although the results of the quantitative test were not significant due to several factors, such as time constraints and the limited number of research samples."

"Tesis ini membahas kualitas penanganan balita sakit dengan gejala ISPA yang mempakan analisis lanjutan data survei evaluasi MTBS di 8 Kabupaten. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional dan cluster di puskesmas. Besar sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 421 balita sakit dengan gejala ISPA dari 635 besar sampel yang diambil oleh Puslitkes-UI. Hasil p¢neIitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas penanganan balita sakit dengan gejaia ISPA masih rendah. Disarankan agar dilakukan bagi kepala puskesmas untuk membentuk tim MTBS, membuat job description yang jelas, bagi dinkes provinsi atau kabupaten melakukan penyegaran pelatihan petugas MTBS, melakukan monev minimal 2 kali dalam setahun, memfasilitasi sarana di puskesmas.

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The study is exploring the quality of care for under-five children with the ARI symptoms ofthe continued analysis towards data of evaluation survey of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI/MTBS) at 8 districts. The study is a quantitative study with a crosvsectional and cluster designs at puskesmas. The number ofthe sample is 421 children with Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI/ISPA) symptom out of 635 sample of ill children that taken by thc CHRUI. The study revealed that thc quality of care for the under-live with ARI symptoms is still low. Suggestions arc delivered to the head of puskcsmas to develop a team of IMCI, to the Province and District Health Authority to carry out the Reiieshcd Training for MTBS providers and to pcrfomi monitoring and evaluation for at least twice a year, and to provide facilitation on the puskcsmas."

"[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur efektivitas program pelatihan autonomysupportive behaviors pada guru PAUD dalam meningkatkan perilaku mendukung otonomi anak prasekolah melalui kegiatan pelatihan. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian terapandengan desain penelitian pretest-posttest design. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalampenelitian berdasarkan sebelas perilaku instruksional mendukung otonomi yangdikembangkan oleh Reeve & Jang (2006). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa programcukup efektif untuk meningkatkan perilaku guru PAUD dalam mendukung otonomi anakprasekolah dan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terutama pada perilaku ?memberikanpujian sebagai umpan balik atas suatu pencapaian suatu aktivitas? dan ?memberi doronganuntuk meningkatkan dan mempertahankan keterlibatan siswa;The purpose of this study is measuring the effectiveness of autonomy-supportive behaviorstraining program for early childhood teacher to increase the behavior of supportingautonomy of preschool children. The type of research is applied research with pretestpostteststudy design. Measuring instrument used in research is based on eleveninstructional behavior of autonomy support which developed by Reeve & Jang (2006). Theresult show that the program is effective to increase the behavior of early childhood teacherin supporting preschool children?s autonomy and there are significance differences in thebehavior of ?praise as informational feedback about the student?s improvement or mastery?and the behavior of ?offering encouragements to boost or sustain the student?s engagement;The purpose of this study is measuring the effectiveness of autonomy-supportive behaviorstraining program for early childhood teacher to increase the behavior of supportingautonomy of preschool children. The type of research is applied research with pretestpostteststudy design. Measuring instrument used in research is based on eleveninstructional behavior of autonomy support which developed by Reeve & Jang (2006). Theresult show that the program is effective to increase the behavior of early childhood teacherin supporting preschool children?s autonomy and there are significance differences in thebehavior of ?praise as informational feedback about the student?s improvement or mastery?and the behavior of ?offering encouragements to boost or sustain the student?s engagement;The purpose of this study is measuring the effectiveness of autonomy-supportive behaviorstraining program for early childhood teacher to increase the behavior of supportingautonomy of preschool children. The type of research is applied research with pretestpostteststudy design. Measuring instrument used in research is based on eleveninstructional behavior of autonomy support which developed by Reeve & Jang (2006). Theresult show that the program is effective to increase the behavior of early childhood teacherin supporting preschool children?s autonomy and there are significance differences in thebehavior of ?praise as informational feedback about the student?s improvement or mastery?and the behavior of ?offering encouragements to boost or sustain the student?s engagement;The purpose of this study is measuring the effectiveness of autonomy-supportive behaviorstraining program for early childhood teacher to increase the behavior of supportingautonomy of preschool children. The type of research is applied research with pretestpostteststudy design. Measuring instrument used in research is based on eleveninstructional behavior of autonomy support which developed by Reeve & Jang (2006). Theresult show that the program is effective to increase the behavior of early childhood teacherin supporting preschool children?s autonomy and there are significance differences in thebehavior of ?praise as informational feedback about the student?s improvement or mastery?and the behavior of ?offering encouragements to boost or sustain the student?s engagement;The purpose of this study is measuring the effectiveness of autonomy-supportive behaviorstraining program for early childhood teacher to increase the behavior of supportingautonomy of preschool children. The type of research is applied research with pretestpostteststudy design. Measuring instrument used in research is based on eleveninstructional behavior of autonomy support which developed by Reeve & Jang (2006). Theresult show that the program is effective to increase the behavior of early childhood teacherin supporting preschool children?s autonomy and there are significance differences in thebehavior of ?praise as informational feedback about the student?s improvement or mastery?and the behavior of ?offering encouragements to boost or sustain the student?s engagement, The purpose of this study is measuring the effectiveness of autonomy-supportive behaviorstraining program for early childhood teacher to increase the behavior of supportingautonomy of preschool children. The type of research is applied research with pretestpostteststudy design. Measuring instrument used in research is based on eleveninstructional behavior of autonomy support which developed by Reeve & Jang (2006). Theresult show that the program is effective to increase the behavior of early childhood teacherin supporting preschool children’s autonomy and there are significance differences in thebehavior of ‘praise as informational feedback about the student’s improvement or mastery’and the behavior of ‘offering encouragements to boost or sustain the student’s engagement]"

"Depresi merupakan kondisi psikologis yang paling umum terjadi dan banyak memengaruhi wanita, terutama seorang ibu. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menggali dampak kondisi depresi ibu pada fungsi kognisi anak. Namun demikian, hasil penelitian mengenai dampak simtom depresi ibu dalam kaitannya dengan peran figur ayah dalam pengasuhan dan fungsi kognitif anak, khususnya Executive Function (EF), masih ditemukan inkonsistensi. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat kontribusi simtom depresi ibu dan keterlibatan ayah dalam memprediksi EF anak di usia dini. Sekitar 101 anak usia 4-6 tahun beserta kedua orang tuanya diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Beberapa tes EF diberikan pada anak dan kuesioner simtom depresi ibu dan keterlibatan ayah diberikan masing-masing pada ibu dan ayah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya simtom depresi ibu yang berkontribusi secara signifikan untuk memprediksi EF anak setelah dilakukan pengontrolan pada jenis kelamin dan usia anak, status bekerja ibu, dan SES. Penelitian ini menggagas pentingnya memperhatikan kondisi psikologis ibu saat akan melakukan intervensi untuk mengoptimalkan EF anak di usia dini.

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Depression is most common psychological condition and affects largely in women, particularly in mothers. Numerous studies have been conducted to specify the impact of maternal depressive symptoms on preschool children cognitive functioning. Nonetheless, the result of the studies regarding maternal depressive symptoms in relation to the role of father figure in parenting and children cognition, especially in Executive Function (EF) have found inconsistency. This study aimed to assess the contribution of maternal depressive symptoms and father involvement in predicting children EF. About 101 preschool children aged 4-6 and their parents were involved in this study. Several EF tests were delivered to children, while maternal depressive symptoms and father involvement questionnaire were given to mother and father respectively.

Result found that only maternal depressive symptoms predicted EF performance on children above and beyond the influences of child gender and age, maternal work status, and family socioeconomic level. This study points out the importance to consider maternal psychological condition while targeting intervention for promoting EF in preschool."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Peran ayah telah mengalami pergeseran makna dari masa ke masa. sehingga pada abad ke-20 dimunculkan sebuah istilah baru yaitu "new nurturant father". Istilah ini menekankan peran ayah yang aktif dalam kehidupan anak (Griswold dalam Lamb, 2010). Ayah yang ikut terlibat dalam pengasuhan bayi 0 - 12 bulan memiliki dampak yang positif maupun negatif bagi ayah. Salah satu dampak negatif yang dirasakan ayah ketika ikut terlibat dalam pengasuhan bayi usia 0 - 12 bulan adalah psychological distress. Metode :Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti akan melihat hubungan antara skorpaternal involvement dan skor psychological distress. Penelitian ini menggunakanmetode kuantitatif dengan cara accidental sampling sebagai metode sampling.Data yang dianalisis oleh peneliti berjumlah 100 data ayah.Analisis Statistik : Peneliti menggunakan pearson correlation untukmembandingkan keterlibatan ayah pada pengasuhan bayi berusia 0 - 12 bulandengan psychological distress ayah.Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan diantara variabel keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan bayi berusia 0 - 12 bulan dengan variabel psychological distress ayah.Kesimpulan : Keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan bayi berusia 0 - 12 bulan tidak menyebabkan munculnya psychological distress. Hal ini tidak sejalandengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di luar negri yang menyatakan bahwa keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan bayi usia 0 - 12 bulan berhubungan dengan psychological distress. Penyebaran responden berdasarkan usia, jenis pekerjaan,dan juga tingkat sosioekonomi dapat menjadi faktor yang menyebabkan hasil penelitian berbeda dengan hasil pada penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Berdasarkan analisis tambahan yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa banyak ayah cenderung memilih untuk tidak melakukan aktivitas-aktivitas yang langsung berhubungan dengan perkembangan anak.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Paternal involvement has endured the shifting of meaning from time to time. In the 20th century, a new definition is introduced, "new nurturant father".This definition stresses in active father’s involvement in child's life (Lamb, 2010). An involved father in 0 to 12 months-aged baby parenting has a positive and negative impact to the father. One of the negative impact which is experienced by the father is psychological distress.

Methods : in this research, the author focuses on paternal involvement's score and psychological distress' score. The research uses quantitative methods with accidental sampling as the sampling's methods. The sum of the data which will be used is 100 father's data.

Statistical Analysis : The authors uses Pearson Correlation to compare the paternal involvement in 0-12 months-aged baby parenting with Father's Psychological Distress.

Results : The result shows that there is no significant relationship between paternal involvement variable and the father's psychological distress' variable.

Conclusion : paternal involvement in 0 to 12 months- aged baby parenting does not cause the psychological distress. This does not meet the research result which has been conducted overseas which states that father's involvement in 0 to 12 months-aged baby parenting is related to psychological distress. The respondent's spreading based on age, occupation, and also the socio-economical level may be the main reasons which cause the contradictive result of this research and the previous research results. Based on the additional analysis, the author finds out that most of the fathers intend to not to get involve in doing activities that related directly to child's development."

"Mahasiswa Program Sarjana Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial berada pada posisi yang unik di mana pemahaman mereka tentang dinamika sosial dan dukungan psikologis sangat berperan dalam karier mereka di masa depan. Pengalaman pribadi mereka dengan pengasuhan keluarga dan interaksi teman sebaya dapat mempengaruhi tidak hanya kesejahteraan mereka sendiri, tetapi juga efektivitas mereka dalam bekerja dengan individu ataupun komunitas yang membutuhkan. Kualitas hubungan sosial dengan figur terdekat, termasuk ayah dan teman sebaya, menjadi faktor yang berkaitan erat dengan tinggi rendahnya kesejahteraan psikologis mereka. Namun, ditemukan bahwa studi terkait kesejahteraan psikologi dengan keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan dan kelekatan teman sebanya pada mahasiswa masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan dan kelekatan teman sebaya dengan kesejahteraan psikologis pada mahasiswa Program Sarjana Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial UI. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Juli 2024 dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berjenis survei dengan kuesioner online sebagai instrumennya. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik convenience sampling dan memperoleh responden berjumlah 133 mahasiswa/i Program Sarjana Ilmu Kesejateraan Sosial, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, angkatan 2020-2023 dalam rentang umur 18-24 tahun yang memiliki figur ayah. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi Kendall’s tau-b, ditemukan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan berkekuatan cukup antara keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan (0.302, p < 0.05) dan kelekatan teman sebaya (0.357, p < 0.05) dengan kesejahteraan psikologis pada mahasiswa. Hal tersebut menunjukkan semakin tinggi tingkat keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan dan kelekatan teman sebaya yang dimiliki, maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat kesejahteraan psikologis yang dimiliki individu. Identifikasi hubungan tersebut dapat memberikan kontribusi tidak hanya untuk pengetahuan akademis, tetapi juga sebagai dasar praktik profesional di bidang kesejahteraan sosial.

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Social Welfare undergraduate students are in a unique position where their understanding of social dynamics and psychological support significantly influences their future careers. Their personal experiences with family upbringing and peer interactions can affect not only their own well-being but also their effectiveness in working with individuals and communities in need. The quality of social relationships with close figures, including fathers and peers, is closely related to their level of psychological well-being. However, it has been found that studies examining the psychological well-being related to father involvement in nurturing and peer attachment among college students are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to identify the relationship between father involvement in nurturing and peer attachment with the psychological well-being of Social Welfare undergraduate students at the University of Indonesia. The research was conducted from January to July 2024, using a quantitative survey approach with online questionnaire as the instrument. The sampling technique used was convenience sampling, obtaining 133 respondents from the Social Welfare undergraduate program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Indonesia, class of 2020-2023, aged 18-24 years who have a father figure. Based on the Kendall's tau-b correlation test, a significantly positive and moderate relationship was found between father involvement in nurturing (0.302, p < 0.05) and peer attachment (0.357, p < 0.05) with the psychological well-being of students. This indicates that the higher the level of father involvement in nurturing and peer attachment, the higher the level of psychological well-being of the individuals. Identifying this relationship can contribute not only to academic knowledge but also as a foundation for professional practice in the field of social welfare."

"Latar Belakang : Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku keterlibatan ayah adalah tingkat pendidikan. Ayah yang berpendidikan tinggi menghabiskan waktu lebih banyak dalam pengasuhan dibandingkan dengan ayah yang kurang berpendidikan (Sayer et. al., 2004). Metode : Peneliti akan melihat bagaimana perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan bayi usia 0-12 bulan antara ayah berpendidikan dasar, menengah, dan tinggi dengan melibatkan 95 data ayah. Analisis Statistik : Dari teknik analysis of variance (ANOVA) akan diperoleh perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan bayi usia 0-12 bulan antara kelompok ayah. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perebedaan yang signifikan pada pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan bayi usia 0-12 bulan antara ayah berpendidikan dasar, menengah, dan tinggi. Kesimpulan : Tingkat pendidikan ayah tidak menyebabkan adanya perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan bayi usia 0-12 bulan. Peneliti menduga adanya perbedaan hasil penelitian ini dengan penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya disebabkan karena adanya faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi keterlibatan ayah, seperti faktor budaya, jumlah anak, status pekerjaan istri, dan adanya bantuan dari pihak lain dalam pengasuhan.

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Background : One of the factors which influence the involvement behaviour of the father is the level of his education. Higher educated fathers spend more time in childcare than less educated fathers (Sayer et. al. 2004).

Methode : This research was conducted to find the difference of knowledge, attitude, and paternal involvement behaviour in child rearing of 0-12 monthsaged baby, among the fathers who have elementary, intermediate, and advance education, involving 95 father's data.

Statistical Analysis : By applying analisys of variance technique (ANOVA) the difference of knowledge, attitude, and paternal involvement behaviour in childrearing of 0-12 months-aged baby among the group of fathers can be identified.

Result: The result shows that there is no significant difference of knowledge, attitude, and paternal involvement behaviour in child rearing of the 0-12 monthsaged baby among the fathers who have elementary, intermediate, and advance education.

Conclusion : The education level of the father does not cause any knowledge, attitude, or paternal involvement behaviour differences in child rearing of the 0-12 months-aged baby. The researcher infer that the difference between the result of this research and the result of the previous result is caused by the other factors which influence the involvement of the father, such as culture, number of children, wife's employment status, and the assistance of others in child care."

"This study examined the relationship between father involvement and moral reasoning in middle adolescent. Father involvement is defined as the extent to which father participate or involved in various aspects of the child’s life, and father’s warmth and acceptance that felt by the child. Moral reasoning is defined as a judgment process about specific action, whether that action is considered as right or wrong. In this study, father involvement is measured by Nurturant Fathering and Father Involvement Scale from Finley and Schwartz (2004), and moral reasoning is measured by The Defining Issues Test which has been developed by Rest (1979). This study is conducted to high school students, age from 15 to 18 years old, in Jabodetabek (N=308). The result of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between father involvement and moral reasoning in middle adolescent (r=+0,154, p<0,01, two-tailed; r=+0,13, p<0,05, two-tailed.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat hubungan antara keterlibatan ayah dan penalaran moral pada remaja madya. Keterlibatan ayah didefinisikan sebagai seberapa jauh ayah turut berpartisipasi atau terlibat dalam berbagai aspek-aspek kehidupan anak, serta kehangatan dan penerimaan yang diperoleh oleh anak dari ayahnya. Sedangkan penalaran moral didefinisikan sebagai sebuah proses pembuatan penilaian mengenai tindakan spesifik, apakah tindakan tersebut benar atau salah. Keterlibatan ayah diukur menggunakan alat ukur Nurturant Fathering and Father Involvement Scales dari Finley dan Schwartz (2004), sedangkan penalaran moral diukur menggunakan alat ukur The Defining Issues Test yang dikembangkan oleh Rest (1979). Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap siswa SMA yang berusia 15 hingga 18 tahun di Jabodetabek (N=308). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan ayah memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan penalaran moral pada remaja madya (r=+0,154, p<0.01, two-tailed; r = +0,13, p < 0.05, two-tailed)."